Cited by 291Adrenal Hormones and DisordersAnalytical Chemistry and ChromatographyMetabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies

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Profiling steroid hormones and urinary steroids

Shackleton, C.H.L.·1986·Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications

DOI 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80683-0

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Abstract

This paper reviews techniques utilized in the profiling of steroids in body fluids and tissues. Methods for profiling plasma unconjugated steroids and urinary steroid metabolites are focused on. Concentrations or levels of excretion of a variety of steroids have been documented and reviewed. The importance of profiling techniques in the study of normal and pathophysiology of hormonal steroids is discussed.

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Taylor, N. F., Curnow, D. H., & Shackleton, C. H. L. (1978) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(78)90299-1 · Cited by 42
Microcolumn liquid chromatography of benzoyl derivatives of steroid metabolites
Novotný, M. V., Alasandro, M. S., & Konishi, M. (1983) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac00264a038 · Cited by 42
Gas Phase Analytical Methods for the Study of Steroid Hormones and their Metabolites
Horning, E. C. (1968) · Monographs on endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-35229-8_1 · Cited by 41
INVESTIGATION OF URINARY STEROID PROFILES AS A DIAGNOSTIC METHOD IN CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Phillipou, G. (1982) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1982.tb02757.x · Cited by 41
Determination of androsterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfates in human serum by gas-liquid chromatography
Sjövall, J., & Vihko, R. (1965) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/0039-128x(65)90022-x · Cited by 41
Identification of C19O2 and C21O2 Steroids in the Glucuronide Fraction of Human Bile
Laatikainen, T. K., & Vihko, R. (2005) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1969.tb00669.x · Cited by 41
A radioimmunoassay for 18-hydroxycortisol in plasma and urine.
Corrie, J. E. T., Edwards, C. R. W., & Budd, P. S. (1985) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/31.6.849 · Cited by 40
Fatal, low renin hypertension associated with a disturbance of cortisol metabolism.
Honour, J. W., Dillon, M. J., Levin, M., & Shah, V. (1983) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.58.12.1018 · Cited by 39
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by defect in steroid 21-hydroxylase. Establishment of definitive urinary steroid excretion pattern during first weeks of life
Shackleton, C. H. L. (1976) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(76)90337-5 · Cited by 39
URINARY STEROID METABOLITES IN SUBJECTS WITH MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM DUE TO 5α‐REDUCTASE DEFICIENCY
Peterson, R. E., Imperato‐McGinley, J., Gautier, T., & Shackleton, C. H. L. (1985) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1985.tb00181.x · Cited by 39
Analysis of Tissue Steroids By Liquid-Gel Chromatography and Computerized Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Axelson, M., Schumacher, G., & Sjövall, J. (1974) · Journal of Chromatographic Science · doi:10.1093/chromsci/12.10.535 · Cited by 39
Gas-chromatographic determination of cholesterol sulfate in plasma and erythrocytes, for the diagnosis of recessive X-linked ichthyosis.
Muskiet, F. A. J., Jansen, G. J., Wolthers, B. G., Marinković-Ilsen, A., & Vader, P. C. V. V. (1983) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/29.7.1404 · Cited by 38
Low-Renin, Low-Aldosterone Hypertension and Abnormal Cortisol Metabolism in a 19-Month-Old Child
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Pitfalls in the Etiological Diagnosis of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in the Early Neonatal Period
PERETTI, E. D., & Forest, M. G. (2008) · Hormone Research · doi:10.1159/000179480 · Cited by 37
FAMILIAL CONGENITAL CUSHING'S SYNDROME DUE TO BILATERAL NODULAR ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA
Donaldson, M., Grant, D., O'Hare, M. J., & Shackleton, C. H. L. (1981) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00641.x · Cited by 37
APPARENT MINERALOCORTICOID EXCESS AND DEFICIENT 11β‐OXIDATION OF CORTISOL IN A YOUNG FEMALE
Harinck, H. I. J., van Brummelen, P., van Seters, A. P., & Moolenaar, A. J. (1984) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1984.tb01388.x · Cited by 36
Identification of 15β-hydroxylated c21 steroids in the neo-natal period: The role of 3α, 15β,17α-trihydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one in the perinatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (cah) due to a 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Joannou, G. E. (1981) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(81)90239-9 · Cited by 36
Inborn errors of steroid biosynthesis: detection by a new mass-spectrometric method.
Shackleton, C. H. L. (1983) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/29.2.246 · Cited by 36
Comparison of fourteen substituted silyl derivatives for the characterization of alcohols, steroids and cannobinoids by combined gas—liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry
Harvey, D. J. (1978) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)85140-7 · Cited by 35
Studies on steroidogenesis and its regulation in human fetal adrenal and testis
Huhtaniemi, I. T. (1977) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(77)90251-5 · Cited by 35
Steroid biochemistry of virilising adrenal tumours in childhood
Honour, J. W., Price, D. A., Taylor, N., Marsden, H. B., & Grant, D. (1984) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/bf00442442 · Cited by 35
Ontogenic Study of Plasma 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone in the Human. I. Postnatal Period: Evidence for a Transient Ovarian Activity in Infancy
Forest, M. G., & Cathiard, A. M. (1978) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-197801000-00003 · Cited by 35
Prenatal Diagnosis of llβ-Hydroxyiase Deficiency Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia*
Rösler, A., Leiberman, E., Rosenmann, A., Ben-Uzilio, R., & Weidenfeld, J. (1979) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-49-4-546 · Cited by 35
Steroid Excretion by an Infant with an Unusual Salt-Losing Syndrome: A Gas Chromatographic–Mass Spectrometric Study
Shackleton, C. H. L., & Snodgrass, G. H. A. I. (1974) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/000456327401100134 · Cited by 35
Identification and measurement of 18-hydroxycorticosterone metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Shackleton, C. H. L., & Honour, J. W. (1977) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(77)90051-6 · Cited by 31
Self-citation
Mass spectrometric analysis for tetrahydroaldosterone
Honour, J. W., & Shackleton, C. H. L. (1977) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(77)90023-1 · Cited by 31
Specific estimation of fifteen unconjugated, non-metabolized steroid hormones in human urine
Schöneshöfer, M., & Weber, B. (1983) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(83)90332-1 · Cited by 31
Characterization of Steroidogenesis in Cell Cultures of the Human Fetal Adrenal Cortex: Comparison of Definitive Zone and Fetal Zone Cells*
SIMONIANt, M. H., & CAPP, M. W. (1984) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-59-4-643 · Cited by 31
Analysis of intact steroid conjugates by secondary ion mass spectrometry (including FABMS) and by gas chromatography.
Shackleton, C. H. L., Mattox, V. R., & Honour, J. W. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 29
Steroid profiles of healthy individuals
Pfeifer, P. M., & Spiteller, G. (1981) · Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications · doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80064-x · Cited by 28
The identification and quantification of three new 6α-hydroxylated corticosteroids in human neonatal urine.
Derks, H. J. G. M., & Drayer, N. M. (1978) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/0039-128x(78)90120-4 · Cited by 28
Analysis of intact steroid conjugates by secondary ion mass spectrometry (including FABMS) and by gas chromatography
Shackleton, C. H. L., Mattox, V. R., & Honour, J. W. (1983) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0022-4731(83)80027-2 · Cited by 28
Difficulties in the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in early infancy: the 11 β-hydroxylase defect
Honour, J. W., ANDERSON, J. M., & Shackleton, C. H. L. (1983) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.1030101 · Cited by 27
DIFFICULTIES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE ADRENOGENITAL SYNDROME IN INFANCY
Shackleton, C. H. L., Mitchell, F. L., & Farquhar, J. W. (1972) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.49.2.198 · Cited by 26
Analysis of profiles of unconjugated steroids in rat testicular tissue by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Andersson, S. H. G., & Sjövall, J. (1985) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(85)90194-3 · Cited by 26
Use of Highly Specific Antibodies against 17α-OH-Progesterone in a Simplified Nonchromatographic RIA and in the Simultaneous Determination of Four Sex Hormones in Human Plasma
Forest, M. G. (1976) · Hormone Research · doi:10.1159/000178737 · Cited by 26
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of steroid 3-sulfates and the corresponding unconjugated steroids
Simonian, M. H., & Capp, M. W. (1984) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)87677-9 · Cited by 26
Steroid profiles of body fluids other than urine, obtained by capillary gas chromatography
Vanluchene, E., Vandekerckhove, D., Jonckheere, J. A., & Leenheer, A. D. (1983) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)93659-3 · Cited by 26
Separation of the major adrenal steroids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
Capp, M. W., & Simonian, M. H. (1985) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(85)90285-4 · Cited by 26
Interrelationships of Circulating Maternal Steroid Concentrations in Third Trimester Pregnancies. I. C21Steroids: Progesterone, 16α-Hydroxyprogesterone, 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone, 20α-Dihydroprogesterone, Δ5-Pregnenolone, Δ5-Pregnenolone Sulfate, and 17-HydroxyΔ5-Pregnenolone
Buster, J. E., Chang, R., Preston, D. L., Elashoff, R. M., Cousins, L. M., Abraham, G. E., Hobel, C. J., & Marshall, J. R. (1979) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-48-1-133 · Cited by 26
Automated qualitative and quantitative metabolic profiling analysis of urinary steroids by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-data system
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 β-hydroxylase deficiency: final diagnosis in adult age in three patients
Glenthøj, A. B., Nielsen, M. D., & Starup, J. (1980) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0930094 · Cited by 25
Advances in Direct Scanning of Paper Chromatograms for Quantitative Estimations
Bush, I. E. (1963) · Methods of biochemical analysis · doi:10.1002/9780470110294.ch3 · Cited by 24
EXCRETION OF CONJUGATES OF NEUTRAL STEROIDS IN HUMAN BILE DURING LATE PREGNANCY
Laatikainen, T. K., & Karjalainen, O. (1972) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0690775 · Cited by 24
Urinary excretion of estriol conjugates in normal pregnancy
Tikkanen, M. J. (1973) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(73)90080-0 · Cited by 24
The excretion of oestrogen conjugates in late pregnancy urine
Ahmed, J., & Kellie, A. E. (1972) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(72)90008-8 · Cited by 24
URINARY EXCRETION OF DIFFERENT CORTICOSTEROID-METABOLITES IN ORAL CONTRACEPTION AND PREGNANCY
Nielsen, M. D., Binder, C., & Starup, J. (1969) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0600473 · Cited by 23
MULTICOMPONENT GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF URINARY STEROIDS EXCRETED BY AN INFANT WITH A DEFECT IN ALDOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS
Shackleton, C. H. L., Honour, J. W., Dillon, M. J., & Milla, P. J. (1976) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0810762 · Cited by 23
Analysis of Steroids in Urine for Differentiation of Pseudohypoaldosteronism and Aldosterone Biosynthetic Defect
Honour, J. W., Dillon, M. J., & Shackleton, C. H. L. (1982) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-54-2-325 · Cited by 23
Testosterone and Some of Its Precursors and Metabolites in the Human Epididymis*
Leinonen, P., & HAMMON, G. L. (1980) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-51-3-423 · Cited by 23
Identification of C19O2 and C21O2 Steroids in the Mono‐ and Disulphate Fractions of Human Faeces
Laatikainen, T. K., & Vihko, R. (1970) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb00957.x · Cited by 22
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF ADRENOCORTICAL HORMONES AND THEIR α-KETOLIC METABOLITES IN URINE
Cost, W. S., Jj, V., & Pol, J. (1962) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0410571 · Cited by 22
Analysis of Steroids by Mass Spectrometry
Gaskell, S. J. (1983) · Methods of biochemical analysis · doi:10.1002/9780470110492.ch7 · Cited by 21
Urinary neutral steroid profile analysis in adults and infants
Shackleton, C. H. L., Charro-Salgado, A., & Mitchell, F. L. (1968) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(68)90017-x · Cited by 21
A METHOD FOR THE SEPARATION AND ESTIMATION OF NEUTRAL STEROIDS IN THE URINE OF NEWBORN INFANTS
BIRCHALL, K., Cathro, D. M., Forsyth, C. C., & Mitchell, F. L. (1963) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.0270031 · Cited by 21
The hydrolysis of conjugated neutral steroids in urine.
Vestergaard, P. (1978) · PubMed · Cited by 21
Characterization of the major steroids present in amniotic fluid obtained between the 15th and 17th weeks of gestation
Homoki, J., Roitman, E., & Shackleton, C. H. L. (1983) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(83)90398-9 · Cited by 20
GC Behavior of 3-Ketosteroid Methoximes. Application to GC Studies of Adrenocortical Steroid Hormone MO-TMS Derivatives
Thénot, J., & Horning, E. C. (1972) · Analytical Letters · doi:10.1080/00032717208069562 · Cited by 20
Structures and concentrations of fifteen different steroid sulfates in human breast cyst fluids
Vanluchene, E., Vandekerckhove, D., Boever, J. D., & Sandra, P. J. F. (1984) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(84)90298-x · Cited by 20
New "on-line" sample-pretreatment procedure for routine liquid-chromatographic assay of low-concentration compounds in body fluids, illustrated by triamcinolone assay.
Schöneshöfer, M., Kage, A., & Weber, B. (1983) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/29.7.1367 · Cited by 19
Corticosteroids in human blood—VI. Isolation, characterization and quantitation of sulfate conjugated metabolites of cortisol in human plasma
Miyabo, S., & Kornel, L. (1974) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(74)90137-x · Cited by 19
Excretion pattern of 3β-hydroxysteroids in patients with adrenal tumor, cushing's disease and 21-hydroxylase deficiency, and in pregnancy, using thin-layer chromatography and color development of 3β-hydroxysteroids with 3β-hydroxysteroid oxidase
Yamaguchi, Y. (1979) · Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications · doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(00)81412-7 · Cited by 18
Salt-losing syndrome in 2 infants with defective 18-dehydrogenation in aldosterone biosynthesis.
Milla, P. J., Trompeter, R. S., Dillon, M. J., Robins, D., & Shackleton, C. H. L. (1977) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.52.7.580 · Cited by 18
Analysis of steroidal car☐ylic acids by high pressure liquid chromatography
Farhi, R. L., & Monder, C. (1978) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(78)90008-8 · Cited by 18
Bile acids and hormonal steroids in bile of a boy with 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
Laatikainen, T. K., Perheentupa, J., Vihko, R., Makino, I., & Sjövall, J. (1972) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(72)90062-3 · Cited by 18
Urinary Excretion of 17-Hydroxy- and 17-Deoxysteroids of the Pregn-4-ene Series by the Human Newborn
Klein, G. P., CHAN, S. K., & Giroud, C. J. P. (1969) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-29-11-1448 · Cited by 18
URINARY EXCRETION OF TETRAHYDROALDOSTERONE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND IN PATIENTS WITH ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY AND CONN'S SYNDROME
Nielsen, M. D., Lund, J. O., & Munck, O. (1972) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0710498 · Cited by 18
NEUTRAL STEROID SULPHATES IN AMNIOTIC FLUID
Luukkainen, T., SIEGEL, A., & Vihko, R. (1970) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.0460391 · Cited by 18
Prenatal diagnosis and variable presentation of recessive X-linked ichthyosis
Honour, J. W., Goolamali, S. K., & Taylor, N. F. (1985) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02315.x · Cited by 18
Analysis of steroids
Csizér, É., & Gǒrög, S. (1976) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)83037-3 · Cited by 17
The separation of oestrogen conjugates from human urine
Hähnel, R. (1962) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(62)90057-8 · Cited by 17
PROFILE OF STEROIDS IN AMNIOTIC FLUID OF NORMAL AND COMPLICATED PREGNANCIES
Schindler, A. E., & Ratanasopa, V. (1968) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0590239 · Cited by 17
Capillary gas chromatography as a tool for characterization of urinary steroid excretion in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Vierhapper, H., Nowotny, P., Waldhäusl, W. K., & Frisch, H. (1985) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(85)90439-x · Cited by 17
17,20-desmolase deficiency in a female newborn, paradoxically virilized in utero
PERETTI, E. D., Pradon, M., & Forest, M. G. (1984) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(84)90253-x · Cited by 16
Secretion of steroid sulfates from human testis and their response to a single intramuscular injection of 5000 IU hCG
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Sephadex LH-20 multiple-column chromatography for the simultaneous separation of progesterone, deoxycorticosterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone from small plasma samples
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Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of urinary acidic metabolites of cortisol
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Behavior of Stereoisomeric Steroids in Liquid Chromatography
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5α-reductase deficiency: diagnosis via abnormal plasma levels of reduced testosterone derivatives
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PSEUDOHYPOALDOSTERONISM Clinical, Biochemical and Morphological Studies in a Long‐term Follow‐up
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The Hydrolysis of Steroid Conjugates
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IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF STEROIDS IN BOVINE CORPUS LUTEUM DURING OESTROUS CYCLE AND PREGNANCY
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The enzymic hydrolysis of steroid conjugates. 2. Hydrolysis of steroid conjugates in urine
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Identification and quantitation of C19 and C21 steroid triol sulphates in adult human urine
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Identification and quantitation of 16α-hydroxy c21 steroid sulphates in plasma from pregnant women
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Dexamethasone-Suppressible Hypercorticosteronism in Two 46, XX Subjects with Ambiguous Genitalia and Ovarian Cysts
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Determination of conjugated steroids in amniotic fluid
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Quantitative Changes of Endogenous Unconjugated and Sulfated Steroids in Human Testis in Relation to Synthesis of Testosterone In Vitro
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Prenatal Diagnosis of Placental Sulphatase Deficiency
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Steroides urinaires dans un corticosurrenalome virilisant
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Authors: Shackleton, C. H. L.
Corresponding author: Shackleton, C.H.L.
Venue: Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1986-06
Volume: 379
Pages: 91-156
ISSN: 0378-4347 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80683-0
OpenAlex: W2001707407
Cited by: 291
References: 204
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 3.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01am034400-02)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Keywords: steroid hormones, urinary steroid metabolites, steroid profiling, steroid excretion
MeSH terms: Animals, Bile, Body Fluids, Chromatography, Gas, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Chromatography, Liquid, Chromatography, Paper, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Estrogens, Feces, Hormones, Humans, Hydrolysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Steroids

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Profiling steroid hormones and urinary steroids

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