Cited by 353Visual perception and processing mechanismsMultisensory perception and integrationMotor Control and Adaptation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Neuronal Adaptation to Visual Motion in Area MT of the Macaque

Open access

Kohn, Adam, Movshon, J.Anthony·2003·Neuron

DOI 10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00438-0

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

The responsivity of primary sensory cortical neurons is reduced following prolonged adaptation, but such adaptation has been little studied in higher sensory areas. Adaptation to visual motion has strong perceptual effects, so we studied the effect of prolonged stimulation on neuronal responsivity in the macaque's area MT, a cortical area whose importance to visual motion perception is well established. We adapted MT neurons with sinusoidal gratings drifting in the preferred or null direction. Preferred adaptation reduced the responsiveness of MT cells, primarily by changing their contrast gain, and this effect was spatially specific within the receptive field. Null adaptation reduced the ability of null gratings to inhibit the response to a simultaneously presented preferred stimulus. While both preferred and null adaptation alter MT responses, these effects probably do not occur in MT neurons but are likely to reflect adaptation-induced changes in contrast gain earlier in the visual pathway.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00438-0

Cites

76 of 76 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Spatiotemporal energy models for the perception of motion
Adelson, E. H., & Bergen, J. R. (1985) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.2.000284 · Cited by 3,442
Normalization of cell responses in cat striate cortex
Heeger, D. J. (1992) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523800009640 · Cited by 1,835
Synaptic depression and cortical gain control
Abbott, L. F., Varela, J. A., Sen, K., & Nelson, S. B. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5297.221 · Cited by 1,690
The neural code between neocortical pyramidal neurons depends on neurotransmitter release probability
Tsodyks, M. V., & Markram, H. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.2.719 · Cited by 1,634
The connections of the middle temporal visual area (MT) and their relationship to a cortical hierarchy in the macaque monkey
Maunsell, J., & van Essen, D. (1983) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.03-12-02563.1983 · Cited by 1,602
Functional properties of neurons in middle temporal visual area of the macaque monkey. I. Selectivity for stimulus direction, speed, and orientation
Maunsell, J. H. R., & Essen, D. C. V. (1983) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1983.49.5.1127 · Cited by 1,462
Neuronal correlates of a perceptual decision
Newsome, W. T., Britten, K. H., & Movshon, J. A. (1989) · Nature · doi:10.1038/341052a0 · Cited by 1,177
Self-citation
Functional organization of a visual area in the posterior bank of the superior temporal sulcus of the rhesus monkey
Zeki, S. (1974) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010452 · Cited by 982
A model of neuronal responses in visual area MT
Simoncelli, E. P., & Heeger, D. J. (1998) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00183-1 · Cited by 941
Silver Staining of Myelin by Means of Physical Development
Gallyas, F. (1979) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.1979.11739553 · Cited by 936

Show all 76 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Chandler, 1969, Subroutine STEPIT, Behav. Sci., 14, 81

Sorted by citations

Items 301–353 of 353

Electrophysiological Events Related to Top-Down Contrast Sensitivity Control
Mišić, B., Schneider, B., de la Rosa, S., Alain, C., & McIntosh, A. R. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70033-3
“…et al., 1982; 1985; Sclar, Ohzawa & Freeman, 1982), monkey primary visual cortex (Albrecht & Hamilton, 1982; Albrecht et al., 2002; Sclar, Maunsell & Lonnie, 1990), area V4 (Cheng et al., 1994) and middle temporal area page 3 (MT; Cheng et al., 1994; Kohn & Movshon, 2003; Sclar et al., 1990).”
Neural population representation hypothesis of visual flow and its illusory after effect in the brain: psychophysics, neurophysiology and computational approaches
Saito, H., Hida, E., Амари, Ш.-И., Ohno, H., & Hashimoto, N. (2012) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-011-9188-3
“…Van Essen et al. 1981; Tanaka et al. 1986; Komatsu and Wurtz 1988), and several reports have indicated that the activities were reduced after the receptive field of the MT neurons was stimulated with prolonged moving stimuli (Petersen et al. 1985; van Wezel and Britten 2002; Kohn and Movshon 2003).”
Spatial and Temporal Frequency Tuning of Motion-in-Depth Aftereffect
Ge, S., Ichikawa, M., Osa, A., Iramina, K., & Miike, H. (2008) · IEEJ Transactions on Electronics Information and Systems · doi:10.1541/ieejeiss.128.1015
The in vivo functional neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of vibrotactile processing
Puts, N. A. J. (2011) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)
PROCESSING OF REAL AND IMPLIED MOTION
Lorteije, J. A. M. (2006) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Functional correlates of the physical and perceptual properties of coherent visual motion in humans
Händel, B. (2007)
stimulus conditions area MT of the macaque monkey under matched Similar adaptation effects in primary visual cortex and
Köhn, J., Patterson, C. A., Duijnhouwer, J., Wissig, S., & Krekelberg, B. (2014)
First-Order and Second-Order Motion fMRI Adaptation Reveals Separate Mechanisms for
Lingnau, A., Wall, M. B., Smith, A. T., Takemura, H., Ashida, H., Amano, K., Kitaoka, A., Murakami, I., Perreault, A., Habak, C., et al. (2015)
Report Long-Range, Pattern-Dependent Contextual Effects in Early Human Visual Cortex
Joo, S. J., Boynton, G. M., & Murray, S. O. (2012)
Transcranial direct current stimulation and human neuroplasticity
Varga, E. T., & Szent‐Györgyi, A. (2008)
Neural mechanisms of actions of transcranial electrical stimulation
Kar, K. (2014) · doi:10.7282/t34m9664
Color and form signals in the human brain
Rentzeperis, I. (2012) · Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) · doi:10.3929/ethz-a-009753096
Visual Cortex: Evolution of Maps and Mapping
Tootell, R. B. H., Sasaki, Y., & Knutsen, T. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-12-370878-8/00025-2
Differential activation of the human brain during mental rotation paradigms, an fMRI study
Seurinck, R. (2007) · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)
Modulation by visual context beyond local features
Qiu, C. (2015) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)
Second-Order Patterns in Human Visual Cortex Orientation-Selective Adaptation to First- and
Landy, M. S., Heeger, D. J., Larsson, J. T., Ashida, H., Lingnau, A., Wall, M. B., Smith, A. T., & Montaser‐Kouhsari, L. (2007)
The referential brain: why do some neurons learn and some do not?
Bharmauria, V., & Bachatene, L. (2016) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.8809.1
“…on various neuronal properties such as orientation selectivity (Bachatene et al., 2015b; Dragoi et al., 2000; Gutnisky & Dragoi, 2008; Ghisovan et al., 2009), motion (Kohn & Movshon, 2003), spatial frequency (Bouchard et al., 2008; Marshansky et al., 2011), and contrast (Baccus & Meister, 2002).”
Background
Common neural mechanisms for the evaluation of facial trustworthiness and emotional expressions as revealed by behavioral adaptation Perception, 2010, volume 39, pages 931^ 941
Andrew, D., & Haxby, J. V. (2010)
Visual Perception of a Motion Aftereffect in Domestic Chickens (Gallus gallus): A Behavioural Analytic Approach
Wan, J. M. (2016) · Research Commons (University of Waikato)
Recurrent network dynamics in visual cortex: a neural mechanism for spatiotemporal integration
Joukes, J. (2016) · doi:10.7282/t32809zr
Neuronale Kodierung und Dekodierung von multiplen und dynamischen Reizen
Schulzke, E. L. (2006) · State and University Library Bremen
The role of attention and adaptation in shaping cortical representations and the perception of abrupt changes in the visual environment
Mehrpour, V. (2017) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-6599
The role of sensory history and stimulus context in human time perception. Adaptive and integrative distortions of perceived duration
Fulcher, C. (2017) · Bradford Scholars (University of Bradford)
Are Sensory Neurons in the Cortex Committed to Original Trigger Features?
Chanauria, N., Lussiez, R., Ouelhazi, A., & Molotchnikoff, S. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.74776
“In MT of macaque, Kohn and Movshon showed that adaptation causes direction tuning to shift toward the adapted direction; this effect is accompanied by a reduction of direction-tuning bandwidth [33, 34].”
Background
Attention and the motion after effect: New measurements with visual search reveal important individual differences in adaptabilityPreprint
Morgan, M., & Solomon, J. (2018) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/478941 · Cited by 1
Lenguaje, memoria y corporeidad: estudio empírico del efecto de las representaciones corporeizadas
Álamo, A. M. D. (2018) · doi:10.14201/gredos.143555
Sparse Identification of Contrast Gain Control in the Fruit Fly Photoreceptor and Amacrine Cell LayerPreprint
Lazar, A. A., Ukani, N. H., & Zhou, Y. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1910.01724
Steady-state measures of visual suppressionPreprint
Baker, D. H., Vilidaitė, G., & Wade, A. R. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.07.27.453123
Steady-state measures of visual suppression
Baker, D. H., Vilidaitė, G., & Wade, A. R. (2021) · White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · doi:10.17605/osf.io/e62wu
Altered Task Demands Lead to a Division of Labor for Sensory and Cognitive Processing in the Middle Temporal AreaPreprint
Scott, H., Wimmer, K., Pasternak, T., & Snyder, A. C. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.08.471611
Attention and Adaptation in Visual Motion Processing
Pieper, F. (2007) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-239
Tactile Motion Adaptation Reduces Perceived Speed but Shows No Evidence of Direction SensitivityPreprint
McIntyre, S. (2017) · doi:10.31237/osf.io/5rxdf
The referential brain: why do some neurons learn and some do not?
Bharmauria, V., & Bachatene, L. (2017) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.8809.2
Comparative non-invasive T1w/T2w myelin mapping of the night monkey: implications for cortical adaptation to a nocturnal niche environmentPreprint
Ikeda, T., Autio, J. A., Kawasaki, A., Takeda, C., Ose, T., Takada, M., Essen, D. C. V., Glasser, M. F., & Hayashi, T. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1712470/v1
Evidence for a travel direction signal in humans that is independent of head directionPreprint
Cheng, Y., Ling, S., Stern, C. E., Huang, A. M., & Chrastil, E. R. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.08.22.504860
“…adaptation of motion-selective opponency cells at several visuocortical sites (Antal et al., 2004; Ashida and Osaka, 1994; Bach and Ullrich, 1994; Barlow and Hill, 1963; Bex et al., 1999; Culham et al., 1998; Kohn and Movshon, 2003; Mather et al., 2008; Sutherland, 1961; Verstraten et al., 1998).”
Background
Görsel İllüzyonların Nörotipik ve Patolojik Algı Hakkında Öğrettikleri
Dövencioğlu, D. N. (2023) · Ayna Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi · doi:10.31682/ayna.1346948
Distinct mechanisms of visual and sound adaptation in the cat visual cortexPreprint
Belkacemi, Y. Y., Chanauria, N., Flouty, O. E., Molotchnikoff, S., & Bharmauria, V. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.04.11.589131
“…reported in the auditory cortex (Gourvitch and Eggermont, 2008; Briley and Krumbholz, 2013; Lanting et al., 2013), the middle temporal (MT) area (Kohn and Movshon, 2003, 2004), and other brain regions (Merzenich et al., 1984; Armstrong-James et al., 1994; Webster and Mollon, 1995; Karni and…”
Background
“Individual Differences in Direction-Selective Motion Adaptation Revealed by Change-Detection Performance.”Preprint
Morgan, M. J., Solomon, J. A., & Zeljic, K. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4884203
Individual differences in direction-selective motion adaptation revealed by change-detection performance
Zeljic, K., Solomon, J. A., & Morgan, M. J. (2024) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2024.108490
Modulation of alerting and orienting attention on spatial suppression
Zhao, Y.-W., Xiang, J.-W., & Cai, Y. (2025) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2025.108676
Studying the aftereffect and changes in sensitivity to physical and mental time references using a time adaptation paradigm
Li, W. O., Yuen, K. S. L., Chang, D. H. F., & Yu, C. K.-C. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-15328-7
V1 interlaminar coherence decreases with interocular conflictPreprint
Carlson, B. M., Mitchell, B., Westerberg, J. A., Poggi, P. G., Woodman, G., & Maier, A. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.04.680461 · Cited by 1
“Adaptation reduces excitability in neurons exposed to sustained input, leading to a dampened response upon subsequent stimulation with the same features (84, 86, 90, 96).”
Area MT carries acceleration information in a quickly and directly decodable representationPreprint
Chen, P. S., & Huk, A. C. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.14.682245
Neural Circuits and Synapses for Early Stage Visual Processing.
Manookin, M. B. (2009) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Sensory adaptation and pupil-linked arousal support flexible evidence accumulation during perceptual decision making
McGaughey, K. D., & Gold, J. I. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.110685.3
Visual perception of longitudinal waves: theory and observations
Tyler, C. W., Solomon, J. A., & Anstis, S. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-36204-y
Ambiguïté en perception de hauteur de son : métacognition et effet de contexte
Pelofi, C. (2016) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/bbb340edza7f8z4b3dza9b6z9d81695a9a84
Sensory adaptation supports flexible evidence accumulation during perceptual decision makingPreprint
McGaughey, K. D., & Gold, J. I. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.110685.1
Sensory adaptation and pupil-linked arousal support flexible evidence accumulation during perceptual decision makingPreprint
McGaughey, K. D., & Gold, J. I. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.110685
Dynamics of neuronal networks
Kulkarni, A. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/b28867a5zcc5dz4649z8912za9ace126d231
Sensory adaptation and pupil-linked arousal support flexible evidence accumulation during perceptual decision makingPreprint
McGaughey, K. D., & Gold, J. I. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.110685.2
Task-dependent inflation of rapid motion priming effects due to task and response constraints
Dundas, K., Peterson, M. A., & Brooks, J. L. (2026) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2026.108916
NEURAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING OBJECT SELECTIVITY IN MACAQUE INFEROTEMPORAL CORTEX
McMahon, D. B. T. (2006) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)

Authors: Kohn, A., & Movshon, J. A.
Affiliations: Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Corresponding author: Kohn, Adam
ORCID: Kohn, Adam
Movshon, J.Anthony
Venue: Neuron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2003-08
Volume: 39
Issue: 4
Pages: 681-691
ISSN: 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00438-0
OpenAlex: W2141145724
Cited by: 353
References: 76
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 8.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3638 d)
Locations: Neuron (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Eye Institute (R01EY002017, EY 02017)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Keywords: area MT, macaque, contrast gain, preferred direction, null directions, drifting gratings, receptive fields, motion perception
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Macaca, Male, Motion Perception, Neurons, Photic Stimulation, Visual Cortex, Contrast Sensitivity

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Neuronal Adaptation to Visual Motion in Area MT of the Macaque

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks