Gender-related clinical differences in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Abstract
Summary: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the gender-related differences of clinical features in a sample of obsessive-compulsive (OCD) patients. One hundred and sixty outpatients with a principal diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (DSM-IV, Y-BOCS = 16) were admitted. Patients were evaluated with a semi-structured interview covering the following areas: socio-demographic data, Axis I diagnoses (DSM-IV), OCD clinical features (age at onset of OC symptoms and disorder, type of onset, life events and type of course). For statistical analysis the sample was subdivided in two groups according to gender. We found an earlier age at onset of OC symptoms and disorder in males; an insidious onset and a chronic course of illness were also observed in that group of patients. Females more frequently showed an acute onset of OCD and an episodic course of illness; they also reported more frequently a stressful event in the year preceding OCD onset. A history of anxiety disorders with onset preceding OCD and hypomanic episodes occurring after OCD onset was significantly more common among males, while females showed more frequently a history of eating disorders. We found three gender-related features of OCD: males show an earlier age at onset with a lower impact of precipitant events in triggering the disorder; OCD seems to occur in a relative high proportion of males who already have phobias and/or tic disorders; and a surfeit of chronic course of the illness in males in comparison with females.
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Being of male gender is a prognostic factor for poor treatment outcome in OCD.
“Furthermore, males with OCD have an earlier age of onset and being of male gender is a prognostic factor for a poor treatment outcome [10, 45, 47].”
There are differences in symptomatology between genders, with women presenting more contamination obsessions and men reporting more obsessions of a sexual nature.
“However, there are differences in symptomatology between the genders, with women presenting more contamination obsessions and men reporting more obsessions of a sexual nature [45, 46].”
Males with OCD have an earlier age of onset.
“Furthermore, males with OCD have an earlier age of onset and being of male gender is a prognostic factor for a poor treatment outcome [10, 45, 47].”
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“However, there are differences in symptomatology between the genders, with women presenting more contamination obsessions and men reporting more obses-sions of a sexual nature [45, 46].”
Background
- Authors
- Bogetto, F., Venturello, S., Albert, U., Maina, G., & Ravizza, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Turin (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1999-12
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 434-441
- ISSN
- 0924-9338 (ISSN-L)
- 1778-3585
- OpenAlex
- W1973212347
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 3.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- obsessive-compulsive disorder, gender differences, age of onset, clinical course, life events, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, hypomania, phobia, tic disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sex Factors, Comorbidity
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