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Cited by 190Forensic and Genetic ResearchPacific and Southeast Asian StudiesGenetic diversity and population structure

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Melanesian origin of Polynesian Y chromosomes

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Kayser, Manfred, Brauer, Silke, Weiss, Gunter, Underhill, PeterA., Roewer, Lutz, Schiefenhövel, Wulf, Stoneking, Mark·2000·Current Biology
DOI 10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00734-x
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Abstract

Background Two competing hypotheses for the origins of Polynesians are the 'express-train' model, which supposes a recent and rapid expansion of Polynesian ancestors from Asia/Taiwan via coastal and island Melanesia, and the 'entangled-bank' model, which supposes a long history of cultural and genetic interactions among Southeast Asians, Melanesians and Polynesians. Most genetic data, especially analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation, support the express-train model, as does linguistic and archaeological evidence. Here, we used Y-chromosome polymorphisms to investigate the origins of Polynesians. Results We analysed eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and seven short tandem repeat (STR) loci on the Y chromosome in 28 Cook Islanders from Polynesia and 583 males from 17 Melanesian, Asian and Australian populations. We found that all Polynesians belong to just three Y-chromosome haplotypes, as defined by unique event polymorphisms. The major Y haplotype in Polynesians (82% frequency) was restricted to Melanesia and eastern Indonesia and most probably arose in Melanesia. Coalescence analysis of associated Y-STR haplotypes showed evidence of a population expansion in Polynesians, beginning about 2,200 years ago. The other two Polynesian Y haplotypes were widespread in Asia but were also found in Melanesia. Conclusions All Polynesian Y chromosomes can be traced back to Melanesia, although some of these Y-chromosome types originated in Asia. Together with other genetic and cultural evidence, we propose a new model of Polynesian origins that we call the 'slow-boat' model: Polynesian ancestors did originate from Asia/Taiwan but did not move rapidly through Melanesia; rather, they interacted with and mixed extensively with Melanesians, leaving behind their genes and incorporating many Melanesian genes before colonising the Pacific.

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  • The Slow Boat model assumes Polynesian ancestors originated in Eastern Asia but mixed extensively with indigenous Melanesians before colonizing the Pacific.

    “The Slow Boat model assumes that Polynesian ancestors originated in Eastern Asia but mixed extensively with indigenous Melanesians before colonizing the Pacific (Kayser, Brauer et al. 2000).”

    From Melanesian and Asian origins of Polynesians: MtDNA and Y chromosome gradients across the Pacific (2006) · cites this paper as Kayser, Brauer et al. 2000

  • Studies of paternally inherited NRY markers have revealed a mostly Melanesian origin of Polynesian paternal lineages.

    “studies of paternally inherited DNA markers from the nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY) have revealed a mostly Melanesian origin of Polynesian paternal lineages (Kayser, Brauer et al. 2000;Capelli et al. 2001;Underhill, Passarino, Lin, Marzuki et al. 2001;Hurles et al. 2002) supporting the ''Slow Boat'' hypothesis”

    From Melanesian and Asian origins of Polynesians: MtDNA and Y chromosome gradients across the Pacific (2006) · cites this paper as Kayser, Brauer et al. 2000

  • The Slow Boat hypothesis holds that Polynesian ancestors originated in Asia, moved eastward, and mixed extensively with local Melanesians before colonizing the Pacific Islands.

    “the Slow Boat hypothesis of Polynesian origins (Kayser, Brauer et al. 2000) according to which Polynesian ancestors originated in Asia, moved eastward, and mixed extensively with local Melanesians before colonizing the Pacific Islands.”

    From Melanesian and Asian origins of Polynesians: MtDNA and Y chromosome gradients across the Pacific (2006) · cites this paper as Kayser, Brauer et al. 2000

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Metadata

Authors
Kayser, M., Brauer, S., Weiss, G., Underhill, P., Roewer, L., Schiefenhövel, W., & Stoneking, M.
Affiliations
  • Max Planck Society (DE)
  • Stanford University (US)
  • Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
Corresponding author
Kayser, Manfred
ORCID
Venue
Current Biology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2000-10
Volume
10
Issue
20
Pages
1237-1246
ISSN
0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00734-x
OpenAlex
W2146807292
Cited by
190
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 9
FWCI
4.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Current Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
  • Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
  • MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
Keywords
Polynesian origins, Y-chromosome haplotypes, Polynesian migration, population growth, Y-STR haplotypes, Y-chromosome SNPs, genetic admixture
MeSH terms
Asia, Chromosome Mapping, DNA, Mitochondrial, Geography, Haplotypes, Humans, Indonesia, Male, Melanesia, Polynesia, Taiwan, Y Chromosome, Racial Groups

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