The genetic structure of Pacific Islanders
Open accessAbstract
Human genetic diversity in the Pacific has not been adequately sampled, particularly in Melanesia. As a result, population relationships there have been open to debate. A genome scan of autosomal markers (687 microsatellites and 203 insertions/deletions) on 952 individuals from 41 Pacific populations now provides the basis for understanding the remarkable nature of Melanesian variation, and for a more accurate comparison of these Pacific populations with previously studied groups from other regions. It also shows how textured human population variation can be in particular circumstances. Genetic diversity within individual Pacific populations is shown to be very low, while differentiation among Melanesian groups is high. Melanesian differentiation varies not only between islands, but also by island size and topographical complexity. The greatest distinctions are among the isolated groups in large island interiors, which are also the most internally homogeneous. The pattern loosely tracks language distinctions. Papuan-speaking groups are the most differentiated, and Austronesian or Oceanic-speaking groups, which tend to live along the coastlines, are more intermixed. A small "Austronesian" genetic signature (always <20%) was detected in less than half the Melanesian groups that speak Austronesian languages, and is entirely lacking in Papuan-speaking groups. Although the Polynesians are also distinctive, they tend to cluster with Micronesians, Taiwan Aborigines, and East Asians, and not Melanesians. These findings contribute to a resolution to the debates over Polynesian origins and their past interactions with Melanesians. With regard to genetics, the earlier studies had heavily relied on the evidence from single locus mitochondrial DNA or Y chromosome variation. Neither of these provided an unequivocal signal of phylogenetic relations or population intermixture proportions in the Pacific. Our analysis indicates the ancestors of Polynesians moved through Melanesia relatively rapidly and only intermixed to a very modest degree with the indigenous populations there.
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Friedlaender et al. concluded that their genome-wide microsatellite data supported the Express-Train hypothesis.
“Contrary to Kayser et al. [32], Friedlaender et al. [31] also conducted a genome-wide survey with 687 microsatellites in 952 individuals from 41 Pacific populations and concluded that their data were supportive for the “Express-Train” hypothesis.”
From Population Genetic Structure and Origins of Native Hawaiians in the Multiethnic Cohort Study (2012) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- Friedlaender, J. S., Friedlaender, F. R., Reed, F. A., Kidd, K. K., Kidd, J. R., Chambers, G. K., Lea, R. A., Loo, J.-H., Koki, G., Hodgson, J. A., Merriwether, D. A., & Weber, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Temple University (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Victoria University of Wellington (NZ)
- Mackay Memorial Hospital (TW)
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PG)
- Binghamton University (US)
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation (US)
- Corresponding author
- Friedlaender, Jonathan S
- Venue
- PLoS Genetics
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2008-01-18
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e19
- ISSN
- 1553-7390 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-7404
- PMC
- PMC2211537
- OpenAlex
- W1981821647
- Cited by
- 359
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 19.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2008-03-28)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS Genetics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- The Open Repository - Binghamton (Binghamton University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0413449, 0243064, 0215827)
- Wenner-Gren Foundation
- Yale University
- National Geographic Society
- Temple University
- National Science Council
- National Institutes of Health
- Binghamton University
- National Human Genome Research Institute (F32HG003801)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Keywords
- Pacific Islanders, Polynesian origins, genetic differentiation, microsatellite markers, indels, Polynesians, Taiwan indigenous peoples, East Asians
- MeSH terms
- Pacific Island People, Alleles, Bayes Theorem, DNA, Mitochondrial, Gene Frequency, Genetic Markers, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Heterozygote, Humans, Language, Genetic Linkage, Models, Genetic, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Genetic, Genetic Variation, Genome, Human, Mutagenesis, Insertional, Gene Deletion, Microsatellite Repeats, Genetic Drift, Human Migration
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