The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 5 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China
Open accessOverview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
15 Own result · 2 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 Own interpretation
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cancer history represented the highest risk for severe events (appendix p 3).”
plaincorrelationaln = 18 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“patients with cancer were observed to have a higher risk of severe events (a composite endpoint defined as the percentage of patients being admitted to the intensive care unit requiring invasive ventilation, or death) compared with patients without cancer (seven [39%] of 18 patients vs 124 [8%] of 1572 patients; Fisher's exact p=0·0003).”
plaincorrelationaln = 18 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Patients with lung cancer did not have a higher probability of severe events compared with patients with other cancer types (one [20%] of five patients with lung cancer vs eight [62%] of 13 patients with other types of cancer; p=0·294).”
plainn = 13- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“more likely to have a history of smoking (four [22%] of 18 patients vs 107 [7%] of 1572 patients)”
plaincorrelationaln = 18- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“had more polypnea (eight [47%] of 17 patients vs 323 [23%] of 1377 patients; some data were missing on polypnea)”
plaincorrelationaln = 17- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“18 (1%; 95% CI 0·61–1·65) of 1590 COVID-19 cases had a history of cancer”
plainn = 1,590- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We observed similar results when the severe events were defined both by the above objective events and physician evaluation (nine [50%] of 18 patients vs 245 [16%] of 1572 patients; Fisher's exact p=0·0008).”
plaincorrelationaln = 18 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“patients with cancer deteriorated more rapidly than those without cancer (median time to severe events 13 days [IQR 6–15] vs 43 days [20–not reached]; p<0·0001; hazard ratio 3·56, 95% CI 1·65–7·69, after adjusting for age; figure).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among patients with cancer, older age was the only risk factor for severe events (OR 1·43, 95% CI 0·97–2·12; p=0·072).”
plaincorrelationaln = 18- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Compared with patients without cancer, patients with cancer were older (mean age 63·1 years [SD 12·1] vs 48·7 years [16·2])”
plaincorrelationaln = 1,590- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 3
- Probably not a substantial claim. 1
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but had no significant differences in sex, other baseline symptoms, other comorbidities, or baseline severity of x-ray (appendix p 2).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Four (25%) of 16 patients (two of the 18 patients had unknown treatment status) with cancer with COVID-19 had received chemotherapy or surgery within the past month, and the other 12 (25%) patients were cancer survivors in routine follow-up after primary resection.”
plainn = 16- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We excluded 417 cases because of insufficient records of previous disease history.”
plainn = 417- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All cases were diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 acute respiratory disease and were admitted to hospital.”
plainn = 2,007- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The 2015 cancer incidence in the overall Chinese population is a valid comparator for the proportion of cancer history among COVID-19 cases in the 2020 cohort.
“which seems to be higher than the incidence of cancer in the overall Chinese population (285·83 [0·29%] per 100 000 people, according to 2015 cancer epidemiology statistics9)”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Survivors presenting with COVID-19 face a higher risk of being admitted to an ICU, being placed on a ventilator, or dying compared to noncancer patients with COVID-19.6”
From Cancer during a pandemic: A psychosocial telehealth intervention for young adults (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Self-isolation was extremely important, especially for cancer patients, as they are a group at higher risk of death or complications due to their systemic immunosuppressive state caused by the disease and its drug treatment [27].”
From The Effect of Vinyasa Yoga Practice on the Well-Being of Breast-Cancer Patients during COVID-19 Pandemic (2023) · cites this paper as [27]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Older adults diagnosed with both cancer and COVID-19 face increased mortality, hospitalization, and ICU admission [3,4,5].”
From The Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 on Older Adults with Cancer: A Rapid Review (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This is particularly true of older adults with cancer, who may be among the most vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19 due to their immunocompromised status and increased presence of comorbidities [1,2,3,4,5].”
From The Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 on Older Adults with Cancer: A Rapid Review (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Due to the high risk for contracting and suffering complications of COVID-19 among oncology patients, prevention of acute healthcare utilization, such as emergency room (ER) visits and hospitalizations, is increasingly important during the COVID-19 pandemic [1, 2].”
From Risk stratification and outreach to hematology/oncology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“While the virus affects people of all ages, data have consistently shown that mortality is higher with increasing age and comorbidities [[3], [4], [5], [6]].”
In the citing paper
“Patients with cancer have higher risk of being admitted to intensive care unit requiring invasive ventilators or dying from COVID-19 than patients without cancer due to their systemic immunosuppressive state induced by the disease and its pharmacological treatments [5].”
From Physical activity for cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic: A call to action (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Current available information suggests that people age 65+, those with underlying medical conditions such as lung disease, people with weakened immune systems, and people undergoing cancer treatment may be at increased risk for severe illness from the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). 1,2”
From Behavioral and psychosocial responses of people receiving treatment for advanced lung cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with cancer appear more likely to cause severe morbidity and mortality, owing in part to these individuals' more advanced age and in part to the immunosuppressive effects of their malignancies and the drugs, radiation, and surgical procedures used to treat them (10–12).”
From Cancer Care During COVID-19 Era: The Quality of Life of Patients With Thyroid Malignancies (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Four (25%) of 16 patients (two of the 18 patients had unknown treatment status) with cancer with COVID-19 had received chemotherapy or surgery within the past month, and the other 12 (25%) patients were cancer survivors in routine follow-up after primary resection.”
Reported 25 · recomputed 75
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China
“two of the 18 patients had unknown treatment status”
§ Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China
“three [75%] of four patients) of clinically severe events than did those not receiving chemotherapy or surgery (six [43%] of 14 patients”
Citations
Cites
A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Zhu, Y., Li, B., Huang, C.-L., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 · Cited by 21,969
Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Wei, Y., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30211-7 · Cited by 21,415
A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern
Wang, C., Horby, P. W., Hayden, F. G., & Gao, G. F. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30185-9 · Cited by 7,700
Hamming, I., Timens, W., Bulthuis, M., Lely, A., Navis, G., & van Goor, H. (2004) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.1570 · Cited by 5,676
Addendum: A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
Zhou, P., Yang, X., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Zhu, Y., Li, B., Huang, C.-L., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2951-z · Cited by 715
[Report of cancer epidemiology in China, 2015].
Zheng, R., Sun, K., Zhang, S., Zeng, H., Zou, X., Chen, R., Gu, X., Wei, W., & He, J. (2019) · PubMed · doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2019.01.005 · Cited by 643
Self-citationNosocomial infections in patients with cancer
Kamboj, M., & Sepkowitz, K. A. (2009) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(09)70069-5 · Cited by 318
Myeloid suppressor cells in cancer and autoimmunity
Sica, A., & Massarotti, M. (2017) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2017.07.010 · Cited by 201
Li, J.-Y., Duan, X.-F., Wang, L.-P., Xu, Y.-J., Huang, L., Zhang, T.-F., Liu, J.-Y., Li, F., Zhang, Z., Yue, D.-L., et al. (2014) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2014/286170 · Cited by 157
Self-citationWang, B., Oekelen, O. V., Mouhieddine, T. H., Valle, D. M. D., Richter, J. R., Cho, H. J., Richard, S., Chari, A., Gnjatic, S., Mérad, M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-020-00934-x · Cited by 147
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Cardona-Ospina, J. A., Gutiérrez-Ocampo, E., Villamizar-Peña, R., Holguin-Rivera, Y., Escalera-Antezana, J. P., Alvarado-Arnez, L. E., Bonilla-Aldana, D. K., Franco-Paredes, C., Henao-Martinez, A. F., et al. (2020) · Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101623 · Cited by 2,542
Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer (CCC19): a cohort study
Kuderer, N. M., Choueiri, T. K., Shah, D. P., Shyr, Y., Rubinstein, S. M., Rivera, D. R., Shete, S., Hsu, C.-Y., Desai, A., de Lima Lopes, G., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31187-9 · Cited by 1,726
Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19
Jin, Y., Yang, H., Ji, W., Wu, W., Chen, S., Zhang, W., & Duan, G. (2020) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v12040372 · Cited by 1,664
Dai, M., Liu, D., Liu, M., Zhou, F., Li, G., Chen, Z., Zhang, Z., You, H., Wu, M., Zheng, Q., et al. (2020) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0422 · Cited by 1,589
Zhang, L., Zhu, F., Xie, L., Wang, C., Wang, J., Chen, R., Jia, P., Guan, H. Q., Li, P., Chen, Y., et al. (2020) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.03.296 · Cited by 1,517
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Liang, W., Guan, W., Chen, R., Wang, W., Li, J., Xu, K., Li, C., Ai, Q., Lu, W., Liang, H., Li, S., & He, J.
- Affiliations
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- He, Jianxing
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet Oncology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-03
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 335-337
- ISSN
- 1470-2045 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7159000
- OpenAlex
- W3006355661
- Cited by
- 4,384
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 77 · 2024: 204 · 2023: 392 · 2022: 647 · 2021: 1106 · 2020: 1908
- FWCI
- 358.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- China National Science Foundation (81871893)
- Key Project of Guangzhou Scientific Research (201804020030)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, cancer patients, cancer survivors, COVID-19 mortality, multiple organ failure, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, cancer care during pandemic
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, China, Humans, Medical History Taking, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Pneumonia, Viral, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Respiration, Artificial, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Coronavirus Infections
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-30, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-30 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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