Myeloid suppressor cells in cancer and autoimmunity
Abstract
A bottleneck for immunotherapy of cancer is the immunosuppressive microenvironment in which the tumor cells proliferate. Cancers harness the immune regulatory mechanism that prevents autoimmunity from evading immunosurveillance and promoting immune destruction. Regulatory T cells, myeloid suppressor cells, inhibitory cytokines and immune checkpoint receptors are the major components of the immune system acting in concert with cancer cells and causing the subversion of anti-tumor immunity. This redundant immunosuppressive network poses an impediment to efficacious immunotherapy by facilitating tumor progression. Tumor-associated myeloid cells comprise heterogeneous populations acting systemically (myeloid-derived suppressor cells/MDSCs) and/or locally in the tumor microenvironment (MDSCs and tumor-associated macrophages/TAMs). Both populations promote cancer cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and elicit immunosuppression through different pathways, including the expression of immunosuppressive cytokines and checkpoint inhibitors. Several evidences have demonstrated that myeloid cells can express different functional programs in response to different microenvironmental signals, a property defined as functional plasticity. The opposed extremes of this functional flexibility are generally represented by the classical macrophage activation, which identifies inflammatory and cytotoxic M1 polarized macrophages, and the alternative state of macrophage activation, which identifies M2 polarized anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive macrophages. Functional skewing of myeloid cells occurs in vivo under physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer and autoimmunity. Here we discuss how myeloid suppressor cells can on one hand support tumor growth and, on the other, limit autoimmune responses, indicating that their therapeutic reprogramming can generate opportunities in relieving immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment or reinstating tolerance in autoimmune conditions.
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Cancer patients have greater vulnerability to infection than people without cancer, owing to immune suppression from the malignancy and treatments such as chemotherapy or surgery.
“Patients with cancer are more susceptible to infection than individuals without cancer because of their systemic immunosuppressive state caused by the malignancy and anticancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or surgery.5, 6, 7, 8”
From Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
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Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China
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The extracellular matrix in tumor progression and metastasis
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Inflammatory bone marrow microenvironment
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- Authors
- Sica, A., & Massarotti, M.
- Affiliations
- Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” (IT)
- University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sica, Antonio
- Venue
- Journal of Autoimmunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 85
- Pages
- 117-125
- ISSN
- 0896-8411 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2735586502
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 2.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Autoimmunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) (15585)
- Fondazione Cariplo (2016-0871, RBNE01XHB2 002, RBAP11H2R9 005)
- Ministero Università Ricerca (MIUR) (RBAU01PTYW)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Keywords
- myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages, tumor microenvironment, immunosuppression, cancer immunotherapy, autoimmunity, regulatory T cells, immune checkpoint receptors, macrophage polarization, immunosuppressive cytokines, tumor angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, immune surveillance
- MeSH terms
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells, Animals, Humans, Immunosuppression Therapy, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, Autoimmunity, Myeloid Cells, Cell Proliferation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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