Cited by 548Multiple Sclerosis Research StudiesPsoriasis: Treatment and PathogenesisPolyomavirus and related diseases

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Multiple sclerosis: risk factors, prodromes, and potential causal pathways

Ramagopalan, Sreeram V, Dobson, Ruth, Meier, Ute C, Giovannoni, Gavin·2010·The Lancet Neurology

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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common, complex neurological disease. The precise aetiology of MS is not yet known, although epidemiological data indicate that both genetic and environmental factors are important. The evidence that the environment acts long before MS becomes clinically evident is well established and suggests the existence of a prodromal phase for the disease. The increasing incidence of MS emphasises the need for strategies to prevent this chronic disorder, and the possibility of a prodrome indicates a window of opportunity to potentially reverse early disease processes before clinical disease becomes evident. Studying a prodrome requires techniques other than clinical observation such as monitoring endophenotypes that result from associated risk factors. However, our current knowledge of causal pathways and endophenotypes in MS is limited. Identifying and studying individuals with a high risk of developing the disease provides a powerful opportunity to understand the MS causal cascade and is highly relevant to strategies that are aimed at preventing this debilitating disease.

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Authors: Ramagopalan, S. V., Dobson, R., Meier, U. C., & Giovannoni, G.
Affiliations: Centre for Human Genetics (GB)
Queen Mary University of London (GB)
Corresponding author: Giovannoni, Gavin
ORCID: Ramagopalan, Sreeram V
Dobson, Ruth
Meier, Ute C
Giovannoni, Gavin
Venue: The Lancet Neurology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-07
Volume: 9
Issue: 7
Pages: 727-739
ISSN: 1474-4422 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70094-6
OpenAlex: W2149134458
Cited by: 548
References: 155
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 49
FWCI: 5.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Rea Charitable Trust
Medical Research Council
National Multiple Sclerosis Society
Aims2Cure
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Polyomavirus and related diseases
Keywords: multiple sclerosis, risk factors, prodromal symptoms, etiology, causal pathways, endophenotypes, genetic factors, environmental factors, disease prevention, MS incidence
MeSH terms: Disease Susceptibility, Environment, Environmental Exposure, Humans, Multiple Sclerosis, Risk Factors, Sex Factors

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Multiple sclerosis: risk factors, prodromes, and potential causal pathways

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