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Suicide prevention using self-guided digital interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Open accessAbstract
Background Digital interventions that deliver psychological self-help provide the opportunity to reach individuals at risk of suicide who do not access traditional health services. Our primary objective was to test whether direct (targeting suicidality) and indirect (targeting depression) digital interventions are effective in reducing suicidal ideation and behaviours, and our secondary analyses assessed whether direct interventions were more effective than indirect interventions. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched online databases MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane CENTRAL for randomised controlled trials published between database inception to May 21, 2019. Superiority randomised controlled trials of self-guided digital interventions (app or web based, which delivered theory-based therapeutic content) were included if they reported suicidal ideation, suicidal plans, or suicide attempts as an outcome. Non-inferiority randomised controlled trials were excluded to ensure comparability of the effect. Data were extracted from published reports, and intention-to-treat data were used if available. The primary outcome was the difference in mean scores of validated suicidal ideation measures (Hedges' g ) with the associated 95% CI for the analysis of digital intervention effectiveness on suicidal ideation. We also present funnel plots of the primary outcome measure (suicidal ideation) for direct and indirect interventions to assess for publication bias. We calculated I 2 (with I 2 CI) values to test heterogeneity. We used random-effects modelling for the meta-analyses to assess the primary and secondary outcomes. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42018102084. Findings The literature search yielded 739 articles (including manual searching) for suicidality and 8842 articles for depression. After screening, 14 papers reporting on 16 studies were included in the narrative review and meta-analysis. The 16 studies (ten on direct interventions and six on indirect interventions) provided baseline data for 4398 participants. The primary outcome of overall post-intervention effect for suicidal ideation was small but significant immediately following the active intervention phase (Hedges' g −0·18, 95% CI −0·27 to −0·10, p<0·0001; I 2 =0%, I 2 CI 0·0–47·9). The secondary objective, comparing direct and indirect interventions, showed that direct interventions (targeting suicidality) significantly reduced suicidal ideation at post-intervention ( g −0·23, 95% CI −0·35 to −0·11, p<0·0001; I 2 =17·6%, I 2 CI 0·0–58·6), but indirect interventions (targeting depression) failed to reach significance ( g −0·12, 95% CI −0·25 to 0·01, p=0·071; I 2 =0%, I 2 CI 0·0–30·7). Interpretation Self-guided digital interventions directly targeting suicidal ideation are effective immediately post-intervention. Indirect interventions were not significant for reducing suicidal ideation. Our findings suggest that digital interventions should be promoted and disseminated widely, especially where there is a lack of, or minimal access to, health services. Funding Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
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“Meta-analyses with a specific focus on Internet-delivered prevention reported small significant effects on subclinical symptoms [45, 61–63], which were generally smaller or even insignificant for adolescents compared to adults [62].”
From Efficacy of a transdiagnostic Internet prevention approach in adolescents (EMPATIA study): study protocol of a randomized controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [63]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“There is emerging evidence that adults readily access and benefit from suicide prevention interventions delivered via smartphone-based apps [25].”
From A mobile health intervention (LifeBuoy App) to help young people manage suicidal thoughts: protocol for a mixed-methods randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [25]
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“This need for development and testing of purpose designed treatments is because meta-analyses have shown that interventions directly targeting suicidal behaviors can reduce ideation in the short-term, whereas broader mental health interventions are unable to [14,20].”
From The effect of a therapeutic smartphone application on suicidal ideation in young adults: Findings from a randomized controlled trial in Australia. (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
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In the citing paper
“Adults can readily access and benefit from technology-enabled solutions that directly target suicidal ideation and/or behaviors [14,15]; however, the evidence for this is largely derived from trials of web-based programs rather than smartphone interventions.”
From The effect of a therapeutic smartphone application on suicidal ideation in young adults: Findings from a randomized controlled trial in Australia. (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Power analyses determined that a sample size of 189 participants per intervention group would be sufficient to detect an effect size of 0.30 [14] for our primary outcome at postintervention with at least 80% power and an α criterion of 0.05.”
From The effect of a therapeutic smartphone application on suicidal ideation in young adults: Findings from a randomized controlled trial in Australia. (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
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“Not only does this study strengthen the evidence base for the short-term efficacy of brief unsupervised and targeted digital therapeutics in young adults [14], but it also demonstrates that LifeBuoy application has a favorable risk–benefit profile.”
From The effect of a therapeutic smartphone application on suicidal ideation in young adults: Findings from a randomized controlled trial in Australia. (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
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“Our findings extend prior research showing that DBT can be effectively digitized to treat suicidal ideation [14] by showing promise for this approach in young adults.”
From The effect of a therapeutic smartphone application on suicidal ideation in young adults: Findings from a randomized controlled trial in Australia. (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
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“Our results are consistent with pooled meta-analytic findings that digital therapeutics appear to be effective in reducing suicidal ideation [14] yet deviate from the effects reported in standalone trials.”
From The effect of a therapeutic smartphone application on suicidal ideation in young adults: Findings from a randomized controlled trial in Australia. (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
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“In considering why our findings may differ from previous studies, there is evidence that treatment approach may be an important moderator of efficacy [14,20].”
From The effect of a therapeutic smartphone application on suicidal ideation in young adults: Findings from a randomized controlled trial in Australia. (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
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“Certainly, while cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been successfully translated into digital interventions for depression and anxiety [35], it appears to have little impact on ideation or other suicidal outcomes in comparison to alternative therapies such as DBT [14].”
From The effect of a therapeutic smartphone application on suicidal ideation in young adults: Findings from a randomized controlled trial in Australia. (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
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“Substantial human health resources will be saved if the CAIs are proven effective and suitable for widespread implementation [14].”
From Conversational Agent Interventions for Mental Health Problems: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
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“In addition, smartphones have introduced self-guided digital interventions as novel suicide prevention methods that may prove as effective as face-to-face interventions (264).”
From A brain-centric model of suicidal behavior (2020) · cites this paper as [264]
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“While there is a growing body of evidence supporting that DMHIs can have significant small-to-moderate effects on alleviating or preventing symptoms of mental health disorders (6–10)”
From Effect of Engagement With Digital Interventions on Mental Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
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Self-citationEl‐Sayed, M. M., Elhay, E. S. A., Taha, S. M., Khedr, M. A., Mansour, F. S. A., & El‐Ashry, A. M. (2023) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-023-01443-1 · Cited by 26
“(2020) confirmed that studies that directly addressed suicide showed the most significant reductions in suicidal ideation, whereas indirect interventions aimed at treating depression did not [36].”
BackgroundResultBrenner, L. A., Capaldi, V., Constans, J., Dobscha, S., Fuller, M., Matarazzo, B., McGraw, K., Richter, K., Sall, J., Smolenski, D., et al. (2025) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/annals-24-01938 · Cited by 22
Bai, S., Babeva, K. N., Kim, M. I., & Asarnow, J. R. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2020.1815208 · Cited by 23
A Scoping Review of Digital-Based Intervention for Reducing Risk of Suicide Among Adults
Yosep, I., Hikmat, R., Mardhiyah, A., & Hernawaty, T. (2024) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s472264 · Cited by 19
“12 The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends mobile phones as one of the options for providing therapy and support to those at risk of suicide.”
BackgroundYu, T., Hu, D., Teng, F., Mao, J., Xu, K., Han, Y., Liu, Y., & Wu, M. (2021) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2021.1930073 · Cited by 19
“For selective outcome reporting, four studies were rated as low risk because the trial registrations or protocols can be obtained(De Jaegere et al., 2017; Robinson et al., 2014; Van Spijker et al., 2015, 2010).”
BackgroundExploring the lived experience of mental health and coping during unemployment
Arena, A. F. A., Harris, M., Mobbs, S., Nicolopoulos, A., Harvey, S. B., & Deady, M. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14858-3 · Cited by 19
“The emergence and availability of digital mental health tools may be an important means of overcoming these barriers [66, 67].”
BackgroundStalujanis, E., Neufeld, J., Stalder, M. G., Belardi, A., Tegethoff, M., & Meinlschmidt, G. (2020) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/20329 · Cited by 19
“Numerous health-related smartphone apps have been applied, for instance, for the prevention and treatment of depressive or anxiety disorders [7-10].”
Chen, M., & Chan, K. L. (2020) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838020967346 · Cited by 19
“DHIs directly targeting suicide or violence tended to produce more beneficial effects than those indirectly targeting these problems and this finding is consistent with Torok et al. (2020).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialTrends in suicide in Japan by gender during the COVID-19 pandemic, through December 2020
Nomura, S., Kawashima, T., Harada, N., Yoneoka, D., Tanoue, Y., Eguchi, A., Gilmour, S., Kawamura, Y., & Hashizume, M. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113913 · Cited by 19
“Furthermore, measures against prolonged social isolation and provision of adequate access to quality mental health services are also important, and in recent years, attention has been focused on the potential usefulness of digital interventions (Torok, 2020).”
BackgroundPaschoalotte, L. M., Carvalho, S. R., & Dias, T. M. (2023) · Saúde e Sociedade · doi:10.1590/s0104-12902023220245en · Cited by 19
Adrian, M. C., Coifman, J., Pullmann, M. D., Blossom, J. B., Chandler, C., Coppersmith, G., Thompson, P., & Lyon, A. R. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/16338 · Cited by 19
“Efficacy trials indicate that TESs yield effects commensurate with well-established psychological interventions for depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation/behavior [17-19].”
BackgroundA Review of Childhood Sexual Abuse Perpetration Prevention Programs
Stephens, S., Elchuk, D. L., Davidson, M., & Williams, S. K. (2022) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01375-8 · Cited by 18
Han, J., McGillivray, L., Wong, Q. J., Werner-Seidler, A., Wong, I., Calear, A., Christensen, H., & Torok, M. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/23655 · Cited by 17
Self-citationDevelopment of a digital intervention for psychedelic preparation (DIPP)
McAlpine, R. G., Sacchet, M. D., Simonsson, O., Khan, M. M., Krajnović, K., Morometescu, L., & Kamboj, S. K. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54642-4 · Cited by 16
“While there is a growing body of evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of digital interventions in alleviating or preventing symptoms of mental health 27,41–44 , suboptimal user engagement poses a significant challenge in translating these benefits to real-world applications 37,45,46 .”
BackgroundInterventions for attempted suicide
Menon, V., & Vijayakumar, L. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000807 · Cited by 17
“Though the literature landscape was limited by a paucity of controlled designsandsmall samples,boththereviewsconcluded that digital interventions were efficacious for mitigating suicide ideation postintervention; these effects; however, attenuated over longer periods of followup [30]andwhenrestricted to trialswithacti…”
BackgroundInfluentialDeng, W., van der Kleij, R., Shen, H., Wei, J., Brakema, E. A., Guldemond, N., Song, X., Li, X., van Tol, M., Aleman, A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/39250 · Cited by 18
“Furthermore, eHealth is increasingly being applied to the prevention and treatment of several mental illnesses, including but not limited to smoking cessation, anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation [17-20].”
BackgroundOliva, V., Roberto, N., Andreo-Jover, J., Bobes-Bascarán, T., Canal‐Rivero, M., Cebrià, A. I., Crespo‐Facorro, B., de la Torre‐Luque, A., Díaz‐Marsá, M., Elices, M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.109 · Cited by 17
Grant, J. B., Gulliver, A., Calear, A. L., Farrer, L. M., & Batterham, P. J. (2023) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2023.2210663 · Cited by 16
“There is now a wide range of effective internet interventions available to the public for anxiety and mood disorders (Andrews et al., 2018), substance use (Riper et al., 2018) and suicide prevention (Andersson et al., 2019; Torok et al., 2020).”
BackgroundKäll, A., Biliūnaitė, I., & Andersson, G. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241287643 · Cited by 22
“Three meta-analyses focused on suicidal ideation as the primary outcome, 42 – 44 and two out of the three showed a small but statistically signi fi cant reduction of suicidal ideation (range of SMDs = 0.25 – 0.29).”
BackgroundInfluentialKleiman, E. M., Bentley, K. H., Glenn, C. R., Liu, R. T., & Rizvi, S. L. (2021) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.11.002 · Cited by 15
Digital Interventions for Suicide Prevention
Burr, S., Yu, M., Clark, D., Alonzo, D. M., & Gearing, R. E. (2025) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000996 · Cited by 14
Suicide and self-harm in older adults
Connors, M. H., Draper, B., Wand, A. P. F., Leo, D. D., & Reppermund, S. (2025) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-025-00454-w · Cited by 17
Chauvin, A., Massoubre, C., Gil‐Jardine, C., Sicot, R., Conte, P. L., Varin, L., Lefort, H., Camus, V., Martinez, M., Bied, C., et al. (2021) · Annales françaises de médecine d’urgence · doi:10.3166/afmu-2021-0321 · Cited by 14
McGillivray, L., Gan, D. Z. Q., Wong, Q. J. J., Han, J., Hetrick, S. E., Christensen, H. M., & Torok, M. H. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058584 · Cited by 16
Self-citationGuidelines to Establish an Equitable Mobile Health Ecosystem
Fortuna, K. L., Kadakia, A., Cosco, T. D., Rotondi, A. J., Nicholson, J., Mois, G., Myers, A. L., Hamilton, J., Brewer, L. C., Collins-Pisano, C., et al. (2022) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.202200011 · Cited by 14
Gan, D. Z. Q., McGillivray, L., Larsen, M. E., & Torok, M. H. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23486 · Cited by 15
Self-citationRheinberger, D., Baffsky, R., McGillivray, L., Zbukvic, I., Dadich, A., Larsen, M. E., Lin, P., Gan, D. Z. Q., Kaplun, C., Wilcox, H. C., et al. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/51398 · Cited by 15
“Dedicating resources toward digital therapeutics is likely to be a low priority right now, particularly while the evidence base for the effectiveness of these innovations in suicide prevention is still emerging [12,40].”
BackgroundSelf-citationSütöri, S., Hadlaczky, G., Eliasson, E. T., Wasserman, D., & Carli, V. (2023) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-023-00374-7 · Cited by 16
“During the scoping review, multiple systematic reviews were identified (Chen & Chan, 2020; Franco-Martín et al., 2018; Grist et al., 2017; Kreuze et al., 2017; Sander et al., 2021; Torok et al., 2020; Witt et al., 2017).”
Effects of Digital Psychotherapy on Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Oh, J., Ho, J.-G., Lee, S., & Park, J. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12141435 · Cited by 14
“Nevertheless, our study is significant as it confirmed that digital psychotherapy targeting suicide risk and severity did not differ significantly in content from digital psychotherapy focusing solely on suicide ideation [1,7].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialReily, N. M., Tang, S., Batterham, P. J., Aadam, B., Draper, B., Shand, F., Han, J., Nicholas, A., & Christensen, H. M. (2023) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2023.2190781 · Cited by 14
“While there is research supporting the efficacy of apps in reducing suicidality (Christensen, Batterham, & O ’ Dea, 2014; Torok et al., 2020), many commercially available smartphone apps are unevaluated, particularly in the context of suicidality, which may account for the low helpfulness rating of…”
MethodSelf-citationRivera, B. R. G., García-Alcaráz, J. L., Mendoza-Martínez, I. A., Tiznado, J. E. O., Alcaraz, P. G., Araníbar, M. F., & Wilson, C. C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182412891 · Cited by 15
Drews‐Windeck, E., Greenwood, K., & Cavanagh, K. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23523 · Cited by 19
Suicide Risk Assessment and Prevention Tools in the UK: Current Landscape and Future Directions
Arowosegbe, A., & Oyelade, T. (2023) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint4040032 · Cited by 15
“The study also suggests that digital interventions should be promoted and extensively disseminated, particularly in areas where access to health services is limited or non-existent [103].”
BackgroundYu, Y., Wu, A. M. S., Fong, V. W. I., Zhang, J., Li, J., & Lau, J. T. F. (2024) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/48439 · Cited by 14
“As suicidal ideation predicts suicidal behavior, early detection, together with timely and evidence-based secondary interventions, are greatly warranted [68,69].”
BackgroundNúñez, D. E., Meza, D., Andaur, J., Robinson, J., & Gaete, J. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-02300-9 · Cited by 13
“We found a significant reduction in suicidal ideation at post-intervention, which fits with prior evidence [6, 18].”
InfluentialNúñez, D., Gaete, J., Meza, D., Andaur, J., & Robinson, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19073947 · Cited by 12
Harnessing technology for hope: a systematic review of digital suicide prevention tools
Sherekar, P., & Mehta, M. (2025) · Discover Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s44192-025-00245-y · Cited by 15
“Our findings align with previous reviews of [7, 8], which suggested that self-guided digital interventions can reduce suicidal ideation.”
InfluentialDreier, M., Ludwig, J., Härter, M. C., Knesebeck, O. V. D., Rezvani, F., Baumgardt, J., Pohontsch, N. J., Bock, T. A., & Liebherz, S. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0284944 · Cited by 12
Bailey, E., Bellairs-Walsh, I., Reavley, N. J., Gooding, P., Hetrick, S. E., Rice, S., Boland, A. K., & Robinson, J. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05448-7 · Cited by 13
“Moreover, an emerging evidence base has demonstrated that digital interventions show promise for the prevention and treatment of suicidal ideation and behaviours in youth [7–9], including when delivered alongside standard clinical care [10].”
BackgroundEfficacy of BrighterSide, a Self-Guided App for Suicidal Ideation: Randomized Controlled Trial
Josifovski, N., Torok, M. H., Batterham, P. J., Wong, Q. J. J., Beames, J. R., Theobald, A., Holland, S., Huckvale, K., Riley, J., Cockayne, N. L., et al. (2024) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/55528 · Cited by 11
“Those interventions that specifically target suicidality are more effective than generalized mental health apps for reducing suicide-related outcomes [7].”
BackgroundSelf-citationGreaves, J., & Colucci, E. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23298-8 · Cited by 12
“As a standalone intervention, AVs could provide a valuable alternative that meets users at their comfort level, akin to self-guided interventions, which are shown to be effective suicide prevention interventions particularly for those with limited access to help [59].”
Malakouti, S. K., Rasouli, N., Rezaeian, M., Nojomi, M., Ghanbari, B., & Shahraki-Mohammadi, A. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.34171/mjiri.34.85 · Cited by 11
“Recently, some systematic reviews and meta-analyses (9-11) evaluated the efficacy of the technologies for suicide prevention, including all types of technologies such as text messages, websites, emails, social network services, personal digital assistants (PDA)-based health interventions, and online apps.”
BackgroundPrados-Ojeda, J. L., Gordillo-Urbano, R. M., Carrillo-Pérez, T., Vázquez-Calvo, A., Herrera-Cortés, M. A., Carreño-Ruiz, M. Á., & Font, P. (2021) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2021.1887023 · Cited by 11
“Many of these new caretechnologies include telephone or digital consultations, or online self-guided interventions (Gunnell et al., 2020; Torok et al., 2020).”
BackgroundBüscher, R., Beisemann, M., Doebler, P., Steubl, L., Domhardt, M., Cuijpers, P. J., Kerkhof, A. J. F. M., & Sander, L. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17145179 · Cited by 11
Batterham, P. J., Christensen, H. M., Calear, A. L., Werner‐Seidler, A., & Kazan, D. (2020) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2020.1848671 · Cited by 11
“The evidence for online interventions specifically designed to reduce suicidal thoughts is nascent, with mixed but promising outcomes in clinical trials (Torok et al., 2020; van Spijker, van Straten, & Kerkhof, 2014; van Spijker et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citationProcyshyn, T. L., Moseley, R. L., Marsden, S. J. E., Allison, C. L., Parsons, T. A., Cassidy, S., Pelton, M., Weir, E. M., Chikaura, T., Hodges, H., et al. (2025) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613251370789 · Cited by 12
“By extending beyond the traditional healthcare system, such as tele-health appointments or self-guided digital health tools, suicide prevention efforts can become more inclusive and effective (Torok et al., 2020).”
Meyerhoff, J., Kruzan, K. P., Kim, K. A., Orden, K. A. V., & Mohr, D. C. (2022) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2022.2096520 · Cited by 10
“This finding is consistent with literature examining the effects of DMHIs to address STBs (Melia et al., 2020; Torok et al., 2020; Witt et al., 2017).”
BackgroundResult
Metadata
- Authors
- Torok, M., Han, J., Baker, S., Werner-Seidler, A., Wong, I., Larsen, M. E., & Christensen, H.
- Affiliations
- Black Dog Institute (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Torok, Michelle
- Venue
- The Lancet Digital Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-01
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e25-e36
- ISSN
- 2589-7500 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2991439719
- Cited by
- 273
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 19
- FWCI
- 3.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet Digital Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNSWorks (UNSW Sydney) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
- Keywords
- suicide prevention, suicidal ideation, depression, mental health apps, online intervention, suicide attempts, suicide planning, psychological self-help, digital mental health
- MeSH terms
- Digital Technology, Suicide Prevention, Humans, Self Care, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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