Tackling immunosenescence to improve COVID-19 outcomes and vaccine response in older adults
Open accessAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic serves as a potent reminder that older people are at very high risk of adverse outcomes from infectious disease because of comorbidities associated with ageing and decreased immunological competence (immunosenescence). Care home residents are particularly at risk because physiological vulnerability is compounded by cohabitation with other frail adults, increasing exposure and risk of infection. Immunosenescence not only increases susceptibility to disease but also blunts the effectiveness of vaccines1—one of our most powerful tools for preventing infections—with annual influenza vaccinations only 30–40% effective in the most at-risk older populations.
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COVID-19-related VIS may aggravate age-related pathologies via enhanced SASP-mediated inflammation, as demonstrated for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in preclinical models, and might further deteriorate immune competence by inducing senescence in immune cells.
“COVID-19-related VIS may also aggravate age-related pathologies via enhanced SASP-mediated inflammation29,169, as demonstrated for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in preclinical models170, and might further deteriorate immune competence by inducing senescence in immune cells171,172.”
From COVID-19 and cellular senescence (2023) · cites this paper as [172]
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- Authors
- Cox, L. S., Bellantuono, I., Lord, J. M., Sapey, E., Mannick, J. B., Partridge, L., Gordon, A. L., Steves, C. J., & Witham, M. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Arthritis UK (GB)
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (DE)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- St Thomas' Hospital (GB)
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Cox, Lynne S
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet Healthy Longevity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e55-e57
- ISSN
- 2666-7568 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7834195
- OpenAlex
- W3100745755
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 5.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet Healthy Longevity (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) (cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (098565/Z/12/Z)
- Scottish Government
- Cancer Research UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- British Heart Foundation
- British Lung Foundation
- Diabetes UK
- British Geriatrics Society
- Public Health England
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- Versus Arthritis
- Foundation for Research in Rheumatology
- BIRAX
- National Institutes of Health (COVID-19)
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Medical Research Council (MC_PC_14131, COVID-19)
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/G037086/1)
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre
- Research England
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG064802)
- Health Data Research UK
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Keywords
- immunosenescence, COVID-19 pandemic, older adults, vaccine response, nursing home residents, frailty, comorbidities, influenza vaccination, vaccine effectiveness, aging, infection susceptibility
- MeSH terms
- Immunosenescence, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Aged, Humans, Vaccines
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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