mTORC Inhibitors as Broad-Spectrum Therapeutics for Age-Related Diseases
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Abstract
Chronological age represents the greatest risk factor for many life-threatening diseases, including neurodegeneration, cancer, and cardiovascular disease; ageing also increases susceptibility to infectious disease. Current efforts to tackle individual diseases may have little impact on the overall healthspan of older individuals, who would still be vulnerable to other age-related pathologies. However, recent progress in ageing research has highlighted the accumulation of senescent cells with chronological age as a probable underlying cause of pathological ageing. Cellular senescence is an essentially irreversible proliferation arrest mechanism that has important roles in development, wound healing, and preventing cancer, but it may limit tissue function and cause widespread inflammation with age. The serine/threonine kinase mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is a regulatory nexus that is heavily implicated in both ageing and senescence. Excitingly, a growing body of research has highlighted rapamycin and other mTOR inhibitors as promising treatments for a broad spectrum of age-related pathologies, including neurodegeneration, cancer, immunosenescence, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, age-related blindness, diabetic nephropathy, muscular dystrophy, and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we assess the use of mTOR inhibitors to treat age-related pathologies, discuss possible molecular mechanisms of action where evidence is available, and consider strategies to minimize undesirable side effects. We also emphasize the urgent need for reliable, non-invasive biomarkers of senescence and biological ageing to better monitor the efficacy of any healthy ageing therapy.
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mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and everolimus prolong lifespan in yeast, worms, flies, and mice.
“A growing body of research has highlighted mTOR inhibitors, i.e., rapamycin and everolimus, as promising treatments for several age-related pathologies, including immunosenescence, prolonging lifespan, especially in all four major animal models of aging: yeast, worms, flies, and mice (204, 205).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [204]
mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and everolimus are promising treatments for several age-related pathologies, including immunosenescence.
“A growing body of research has highlighted mTOR inhibitors, i.e., rapamycin and everolimus, as promising treatments for several age-related pathologies, including immunosenescence, prolonging lifespan, especially in all four major animal models of aging: yeast, worms, flies, and mice (204, 205).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [204]
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Protective Effects of Deer Antler Peptides on D-Galactose-Induced Brain Injury
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- Authors
- Walters, H. E., & Cox, L. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Cox, Lynne S.
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-08-08
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2325
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6121351
- OpenAlex
- W2886126815
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 234
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Preprints.org (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/M006727/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Keywords
- mTOR inhibitors, rapamycin, cellular senescence, aging, age-related diseases, healthy aging, neurodegeneration, immunosenescence, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic nephropathy, muscular dystrophy, cardiovascular disease, senescence biomarkers, biological aging
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Cellular Senescence, Neurodegenerative Diseases, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
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