Threats and Alliances in the Middle East: Saudi and Syrian Policies in a Turbulent Region
Open accessAbstract
Examining differing perceptions of threats and the subsequent alliance choices of two Arab states, Saudi Arabia and Syria, during three pivotal wars in the region: the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), the Lebanon War (2006), and the Gaza War (2009), May Darwich analyses how ideational and material forces influence leaders' perceptions in the Middle East, and their broader international relationships. Using these comparative cases studies, Darwich advances our understanding of why, and the conditions under which, identity can play a predominant role in shaping the perception of threat in some cases, whilst material power is predominant in others. By engaging in significant debates about the role identity and material power in shaping state behaviour in the Middle East, this study has significant implications for international relations theory and beyond.
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Flagged first, then by citations
7 of the 302 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Sorted by citations
International Relations in the Middle East
Stein, E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316855522 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Del Sarto, R. A., & Soler i Lecha, E. (2024) · Geopolitics · doi:10.1080/14650045.2023.2268542 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Echoing Rubin (2014), Darwich (2019) has shown that in the cases of Saudi Arabia and Syria, ideational factors are at least as important as material factors in a regime’s definition of threats.”
BackgroundErtem, H. S., & Düzgün, A. N. (2021) · Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi · doi:10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.905751 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Changing regional geopolitics and the foundations of a rapprochement between Arab Gulf and Israel
Quamar, M. M. (2020) · Global Affairs · doi:10.1080/23340460.2020.1865110 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Walsh, T. (2023) · Global Policy · doi:10.1111/1758-5899.13204 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Alliance politics in the post-2011 Middle East: Advancing theoretical and empirical perspectives
Darwich, M. (2021) · Mediterranean Politics · doi:10.1080/13629395.2021.1889300 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationWalsh, T. (2022) · Digest of Middle East Studies · doi:10.1111/dome.12262 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Buehler, M., & Schulhofer-Wohl, J. (2021) · Mediterranean Politics · doi:10.1080/13629395.2021.1974198 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rethinking GCC Security: Lessons From the Saudi-Led Coalition’s Intervention in Yemen
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Iraq and the evolution of Saudi–Iranian relations
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Narratives of Sino-Middle Eastern Futures
Alsudairi, M. T. A., & Ghiselli, A. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009297851 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
China’s growing influence in Southeast Asia and Japan’s counter-bandwagoning strategy
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How to Politely Say No: Jordan's Indirect Bandwagoning Behavior toward US–China Competition
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Glombitza, O., & Ulrichsen, K. C. (2021) · The International Spectator · doi:10.1080/03932729.2021.1997019
The quest to end marginalization: Jordan's diversifying alignments in the post‐Arab Spring era
Altunışık, M. B., & Köprülü, N. (2024) · Digest of Middle East Studies · doi:10.1111/dome.12311
Averre, D. (2024) · Manchester University Press eBooks · doi:10.7765/9781526175823.00012
The Saudi Savior—Justifying Operation Decisive Storm
Walsh, T. (2024) · Digest of Middle East Studies · doi:10.1111/dome.12345
Social classification as a combat sport: some ethical concerns in coding for identity
Lee, S. (2024) · Conflict Security and Development · doi:10.1080/14678802.2024.2435630
Cerioli, L. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-1507-3_15
Darwich, M., & Al-Meligy, L. (2026) · NPL report DEM-TQD · doi:10.1017/s1755048326100431
Self-citationRefugee Crisis in Jordan: Thorns of Harsh Reality
Shepard, D. S., Halasa‐Rappel, Y. A., & Zeng, W. (2026) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/9798898815134126010006
(2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009617734.008
Hemchi, M., & Salloukh, B. F. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009617734.011
Making and Dynamics of Regional Order
(2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009617734.003
Gani, J. K. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009617734.005
Valbjørn, M. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009617734.006
International Relations of the Middle East
Darwich, M., & Saouli, A. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009617734.001
Self-citation
- Authors
- Darwich, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Darwich, May
- ORCID
- Darwich, May
- Venue
- Cambridge University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 2019-09-09
- OpenAlex
- W4211196689
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 302
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.85
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Middle East Politics and Society
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › International Relations and Foreign Policy
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts
- Keywords
- threat perception, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iran-Iraq War, Lebanon War, Gaza war, state identity, material power, Arab world, Middle East security, state behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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