What is the role of gender in perceived coercion during psychiatric admission?
Open accessAbstract
Abstract Objectives: This paper explores factors linking gender with increased perceived coercion, perceived negative pressures and procedural injustice during psychiatric admission. Methods: We used validated tools to perform detailed assessments of 107 adult psychiatry inpatients admitted to acute psychiatry admission units at two general hospitals in Dublin, Ireland, between September 2017 and February 2020. Results: Among female inpatients (n = 48), perceived coercion on admission was associated with younger age and involuntary status; perceived negative pressures were associated with younger age, involuntary status, seclusion, and positive symptoms of schizophrenia; and procedural injustice was associated with younger age, involuntary status, fewer negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and cognitive impairment. Among females, restraint was not associated with perceived coercion on admission, perceived negative pressures, procedural injustice, or negative affective reactions to hospitalisation; seclusion was associated with negative pressures only. Among male inpatients (n = 59), not being born in Ireland appeared more relevant than age, and neither restraint nor seclusion were associated with perceived coercion on admission, perceived negative pressures, procedural injustice, or negative affective reactions to hospitalisation. Conclusions: Factors other than formal coercive practices are primarily linked with perceived coercion. Among female inpatients, these include younger age, involuntary status, and positive symptoms. Among males, not being born in Ireland appears more relevant than age. Further research is needed on these correlations, along with gender-aware interventions to minimise coercive practices and their consequences among all patients.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Younger age was associated with perceived coercion at admission among female patients in one study.
“Conversely, younger age was associated with perceived coercion at admission among female patients in one study [151]”
From Factors Associated with Perceived Coercion in Adults Receiving Psychiatric Care: A Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as [151]
Two studies found no association between seclusion or restraint and perceived coercion at admission.
“However, two studies found no association between seclusion or restraint and perceived coercion at admission [137,151]”
From Factors Associated with Perceived Coercion in Adults Receiving Psychiatric Care: A Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as [151]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282 · see citing works
Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS)*
(1989) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/s0007125000291502 · Cited by 2,706 · see citing works
Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) 1984
Andreasen, N. C. (1995) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · Cited by 2,423 · see citing works
Two scales for measuring patients’ perceptions for coercion during mental hospital admission
Gardner, W., Hoge, S. K., Bennett, N., Roth, L. H., Lidz, C. W., Monahan, J., & Mulvey, E. P. (1993) · Behavioral Sciences & the Law · doi:10.1002/bsl.2370110308 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Coercion and Treatment Satisfaction Among Involuntary Patients
Katsakou, C., Bowers, L., Amos, T., Morriss, R. K., Rose, D. S., Wykes, T., & Priebe, S. (2010) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2010.61.3.286 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Guarda, A. S., Pinto, A. M., Coughlin, J. W., Hussain, S., Haug, N. A., & Heinberg, L. J. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.1.108 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Perceived Coercion and the Therapeutic Relationship: A Neglected Association?
Sheehan, K. A., & Burns, T. (2011) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.62.5.pss6205_0471 · Cited by 148 · cited 1× · see citing works
“2010; Sheehan and Burns 2011) and patient perceptions of treatment as dehumanising (Newton-Howes & Mullen, 2011).”
Bindman, J., Reid, Y., Szmukler, G., Tiller, J., Thornicroft, G., & Leese, M. (2005) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-005-0861-x · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Prevalence and risk factors for the use of restraint in psychiatry: a systematic review
Beghi, M., Peroni, F., Gabola, P., Rossetti, A., & Cornaggia, C. (2013) · Rivista di psichiatria · doi:10.1708/1228.13611 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Gender and outpatient mental health service use
Rhodes, A. E., Goering, P. N., To, T. M., & Williams, J. (2002) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00002-8 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Coercion in psychiatric care: Systematic review of correlates and themes
Newton-Howes, G., & Mullen, R. (2011) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.62.5.pss6205_0465 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Georgieva, I., Mulder, C. L., & Whittington, R. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-54 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Mental health of patients from different cultures in Germany
Wittig, U., Lindert, J., Merbach, M., & Brähler, E. (2008) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(08)70059-2 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Patient characteristics and symptoms associated with perceived coercion during hospital treatment
Fiorillo, A., Giacco, D., De Rosa, C., Kallert, T., Katsakou, C., Onchev, G., Raboch, J., Mastrogianni, A., Del Vecchio, V., Luciano, M., et al. (2012) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01809.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Measures to Avoid Coercion in Psychiatry and Their Efficacy.
Hirsch, S., & Steinert, T. (2019) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt International · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2019.0336 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Jordan, J. T., & McNiel, D. E. (2020) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12560 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Gowda, G. S., Lepping, P., Noorthoorn, E. O., Ali, S. F., Kumar, C. N., Raveesh, B. N., & Math, S. B. (2018) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.05.024 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Marchevsky, D. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4205-6_29 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Use of restraint in a general hospital psychiatric unit in Japan
Odawara, T., Narita, H., Yamada, Y., FUJITA, J., Yamada, T., & Hirayasu, Y. (2005) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2005.01422.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Wullschleger, A., Vandamme, A., Mielau, J., Stoll, L., Heinz, A., Bermpohl, F., Bechdolf, A., Stelzig, M., Hardt, O., Hauth, I., et al. (2021) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2256 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Perceived coercion in persons with mental disorder in India: A cross-sectional study
Raveesh, B., Pathare, S., Lepping, P., Noorthoorn, E., Gowda, G., & Bunders-Aelen, J. G. F. (2016) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/0019-5545.196846 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
O'Callaghan, A. K., Plunkett, R., & Kelly, B. D. (2021) · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2021.101680 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, American Psychiatric Association: Washington, DC.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Factors Associated with Perceived Coercion in Adults Receiving Psychiatric Care: A Scoping Review
Lessard-Deschênes, C., Pariseau-Legault, P., Billé, V., Sergerie-Richard, S., Hudson, E., Silva, B., Drouin, J.-S., Désilets, M., & Goulet, M.-H. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13151868 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hotzy, F., Spiess, M., Ruflin, R., Schneeberger, A., Traber, R., Morandi, S., Jaeger, M., & Theodoridou, A. (2023) · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101934 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Aluh, D. O., Diaz-Milanes, D., Azeredo-Lopes, S., Barbosa, S., Santos-Dias, M., Silva, M., Grigaitė, U., Pedrosa, B., Velosa, A., Cardoso, G., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/s11414-024-09890-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- O’Callaghan, A. K., Plunkett, R., & Kelly, B. D.
- Affiliations
- Tallaght University Hospital (IE)
- St. James's Hospital (IE)
- Corresponding author
- O’Callaghan, Aoife K.
- Venue
- Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2023-02-20
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 388-392
- ISSN
- 0790-9667 (ISSN-L)
- 2051-6967
- OpenAlex
- W4321374096
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 1.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Keywords
- perceived coercion, gender differences, psychiatric hospital admissions, procedural injustice, negative pressure, seclusion, physical restraint, involuntary admission, schizophrenia symptoms, cognitive impairment, acute psychiatric inpatients
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
