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Cited by 102Diet, Metabolism, and DiseaseObesity, Physical Activity, DietRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

Sugars, energy metabolism, and body weight control

Open access
Saris, Wim HM·2003·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/ajcn/78.4.850s
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Abstract

Obesity represents a major threat to health and quality of life. Although obesity has strong genetic determinants, it is generally accepted that it results from an imbalance between food intake and daily physical activity. Health guidelines have been focused on 3 particular lifestyle factors: increased levels of physical activity and reductions in the intakes of fat and sugars. The dietary guidelines, especially, are under debate. This review covers evidence from carefully controlled laboratory studies, clinical trials, studies in populations at high risk of developing obesity, and epidemiologic studies on the role of sugars, particularly sucrose, in the development of obesity. Although many environmental factors promote a positive energy balance, it is clear that the consumption of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet increases the likelihood of weight gain. The evidence related to carbohydrate, particularly sugars, and the type of food (solid or liquid) is less clear because the number of long-term ad libitum dietary intervention trials is very small. Data on sucrose intake in relation to metabolism and weight gain do not associate high consumption of sucrose with the prevalence of obesity. The evidence supports the current dietary guidelines for reducing fat intake. However, the effect of the carbohydrate source and class and of the form in which carbohydrate is consumed (solid or liquid) on body weight control requires further consideration.

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  • Reduction in dietary intake of fat is frequently associated with increased intake of carbohydrates and leads to carbohydrate induced hypertriglyceridemia (HPTG).

    “Reduction in dietary intake of fat is frequently associated with increased intake of carbohydrates and leads to carbohydrate induced hypertriglyceridemia (HPTG) [64-69].”

    From The case for low carbohydrate diets in diabetes management (2005) · cites this paper as [68]

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2 of the 65 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

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  1. Katan MB, Grundy SM, Willet WC. Beyond low fat diets. N Engl J Med 1997;337:563-6.
  2. Souko BJ, Prentice AM, Murgatroyd PR, Goldberg G, van de Ven M, Coward WA. The influence of alcohol on post meal storage. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59:619-25.
  3. Aarsland A, Chinkes D, Wolfe RR. Contribution of de novo synthe- sis of fatty acids to local VLDL-triglyceride secretion during pro- longed hyperglycemia/hyperinsulemia in normal man. J Clin Invest 1996;98:2008-17.
  4. Bennett C, Reed GW, Peter JC, et al. Short-term effects of dietary fat on post-prandial substrate oxidation and on carbohydrate and fat bal- ance. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55:1071-7.
  5. Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, et al. Glycemic index in foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;42:604-17.
  6. Agus MSD, Swain JF, Larson CL, et al. Dietary composition and physiological adaptation of energy restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71:901-7.

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Authors
Saris, W. H.
Affiliations
Maastricht University (NL)
Corresponding author
Saris, Wim HM
ORCID
Saris, Wim HM
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2003-10
Volume
78
Issue
4
Pages
850S-857S
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/ajcn/78.4.850s
OpenAlex
W2125063102
Cited by
102
References
65
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
FWCI
1.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords
sugar consumption, sucrose, obesity, weight management, energy balance, dietary guidelines, low-carbohydrate high-fat diet, carbohydrate sources, energy metabolism, dietary fat intake
MeSH terms
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Body Weight, Dietary Carbohydrates, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Obesity, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Glycemic Index

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