The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The impact of fruit flavonoids on memory and cognition
Open accessAbstract
There is intense interest in the studies related to the potential of phytochemical-rich foods to prevent age-related neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Recent evidence has indicated that a group of plant-derived compounds known as flavonoids may exert particularly powerful actions on mammalian cognition and may reverse age-related declines in memory and learning. In particular, evidence suggests that foods rich in three specific flavonoid sub-groups, the flavanols, anthocyanins and/or flavanones, possess the greatest potential to act on the cognitive processes. This review will highlight the evidence for the actions of such flavonoids, found most commonly in fruits, such as apples, berries and citrus, on cognitive behaviour and the underlying cellular architecture. Although the precise mechanisms by which these flavonoids act within the brain remain unresolved, the present review focuses on their ability to protect vulnerable neurons and enhance the function of existing neuronal structures, two processes known to be influenced by flavonoids and also known to underpin neuro-cognitive function. Most notably, we discuss their selective interactions with protein kinase and lipid kinase signalling cascades (i.e. phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways), which regulate transcription factors and gene expression involved in both synaptic plasticity and cerebrovascular blood flow. Overall, the review attempts to provide an initial insight into the potential impact of regular flavonoid-rich fruit consumption on normal or abnormal deteriorations in cognitive performance.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids
Rice-Evans, C. A., Miller, N. J., & Paganga, G. (1996) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/0891-5849(95)02227-9 · Cited by 9,085
Gage, F. H. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5457.1433 · Cited by 4,786
Kuhn, H., Dickinson-Anson, H., & Gage, F. (1996) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-06-02027.1996 · Cited by 3,139
Flavonoids: antioxidants or signalling molecules?
Williams, R. J., Spencer, J. P. E., & Rice-Evans, C. (2004) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.01.001 · Cited by 2,016
Self-citation(–)-Epicatechin mediates beneficial effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on vascular function in humans
Schroeter, H., Heiss, C., Balzer, J., Kleinbongard, P., Keen, C. L., Hollenberg, N. K., Sies, H., Kwik-Uribe, C., Schmitz, H. H., & Kelm, M. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0510168103 · Cited by 1,052
Cerebral hypoperfusion and clinical onset of dementia: the Rotterdam Study
Ruitenberg, A., den Heijer, T., Bakker, S. L. M., van Swieten, J. C., Koudstaal, P. J., Hofman, A., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2005) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20493 · Cited by 733
A computational theory of hippocampal function, and empirical tests of the theory
Rolls, E. T., & Kesner, R. P. (2006) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.04.005 · Cited by 608
Spencer, J. P. E., Jenner, P., Daniel, S. E., Lees, A. J., Marsden, D. C., & Halliwell, B. (1998) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71052112.x · Cited by 373 · cited 1×
“S -cysteinyl-dopamine and its oxidation product, dihydrobenzothiazine-1 (5,85–87) .”
Self-citationPlant-Derived Flavanol (−)Epicatechin Enhances Angiogenesis and Retention of Spatial Memory in Mice
van Praag, H., Lucero, M. J., Yeo, G. W., Stecker, K., Heivand, N., Zhao, C., Yip, E., Afanador, M., Schroeter, H., Hammerstone, J., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0914-07.2007 · Cited by 303
Imaging hippocampal function across the human life span: Is memory decline normal or not?
Small, S. A., Tsai, W. Y., DeLaPaz, R., Mayeux, R., & Stern, Y. (2002) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10105 · Cited by 205
Cited by
Del Rio, D., Rodriguez-Mateos, A., Spencer, J. P. E., Tognolini, M., Borges, G., & Crozier, A. (2013) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2012.4581 · Cited by 2,601
Self-citationPolyphenols: A concise overview on the chemistry, occurrence, and human health
Durazzo, A., Lucarini, M., Souto, E. B., Cicala, C., Caiazzo, E., Izzo, A. A., Novellino, E., & Santini, A. (2019) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.6419 · Cited by 802
Kennedy, D. O., & Wightman, E. L. (2011) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.110.000117 · Cited by 684
Williams, R. J., & Spencer, J. P. E. (2012) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.010 · Cited by 448
Chemistry, Pharmacology and Health Benefits of Anthocyanins
Smeriglio, A., Barreca, D., Bellocco, E., & Trombetta, D. (2016) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.5642 · Cited by 447
Metadata
- Authors
- Spencer, J. P. E.
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- S3
- Pages
- S40-S47
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2091867610
- Cited by
- 358
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 12.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The impact of fruit flavonoids on memory and cognition. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/s0007114510003934
- The paper
- Spencer, J. P. E. (2010). The impact of fruit flavonoids on memory and cognition. British Journal of Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510003934
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
