Estimation of the dietary nutrient profile of free-roaming feral cats: possible implications for nutrition of domestic cats
Open accessAbstract
Cats are strict carnivores and in the wild rely on a diet solely based on animal tissues to meet their specific and unique nutritional requirements. Although the feeding ecology of cats in the wild has been well documented in the literature, there is no information on the precise nutrient profile to which the cat's metabolism has adapted. The present study aimed to derive the dietary nutrient profile of free-living cats. Studies reporting the feeding habits of cats in the wild were reviewed and data on the nutrient composition of the consumed prey items obtained from the literature. Fifty-five studies reported feeding strategy data of cats in the wild. After specific exclusion criteria, twenty-seven studies were used to derive thirty individual dietary nutrient profiles. The results show that feral cats are obligatory carnivores, with their daily energy intake from crude protein being 52 %, from crude fat 46 % and from N-free extract only 2 %. Minerals and trace elements are consumed in relatively high concentrations compared with recommended allowances determined using empirical methods. The calculated nutrient profile may be considered the nutrient intake to which the cat's metabolic system has adapted. The present study provides insight into the nutritive, as well as possible non-nutritive aspects of a natural diet of whole prey for cats and provides novel ways to further improve feline diets to increase health and longevity.
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On average, the protein requirements of the red fox are typical of strict carnivores such as wolves (54%) or domestic and feral cats (52%).
“Notwithstanding, the analysis of available studies providing a volumetric or biomass estimate of the importance of the food resources used by foxes throughout its European range revealed that, on average, the protein requirements of the fox are typical of strict carnivores such as wolves (54%)17 or domestic and feral cats (52%)34,35.”
From Nutritional ecology of a prototypical generalist predator, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) (2024) · cites this paper as [34]
The Discussion reports that protein supplies 52% of feral cats’ daily energy intake and cites a study finding the same percentage in adult domestic cats’ voluntary intake. These are measures of intake, not protein requirements. This paper does not establish the red fox’s protein requirements. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Plantinga, E. A., Bosch, G., & Hendriks, W. H.
- Affiliations
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2011-10-12
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- S35-S48
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2143269679
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 132
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary Medicine and Surgery
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Keywords
- feral cats, free-roaming cats, feline nutrition, feeding ecology, prey composition, energy intake, crude protein, crude fat, mineral intake, trace elements
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Wild, Cats, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Nutritive Value
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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