The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Changing to a vegetarian diet reduces the body creatine pool in omnivorous women, but appears not to affect carnitine and carnosine homeostasis: a randomised trial
Abstract
Balanced vegetarian diets are popular, although they are nearly absent in creatine and carnosine and contain considerably less carnitine than non-vegetarian diets. Few longitudinal intervention studies investigating the effect of a vegetarian diet on the availability of these compounds currently exist. We aimed to investigate the effect of transiently switching omnivores onto a vegetarian diet for 6 months on muscle and plasma creatine, carnitine and carnosine homeostasis. In a 6-month intervention, forty omnivorous women were ascribed to three groups: continued omnivorous diet (control, n 10), vegetarian diet without supplementation (Veg+Pla, n 15) and vegetarian diet combined with daily β -alanine (0·8–0·4 g/d) and creatine supplementation (1 g creatine monohydrate/d) (Veg+Suppl, n 15). Before (0 months; 0M), after 3 months (3M) and 6 months (6M), a fasted venous blood sample and 24-h urine was collected, and muscle carnosine content was determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS). Muscle biopsies were obtained at 0M and 3M. Plasma creatine and muscle total creatine content declined from 0M to 3M in Veg+Pla ( P =0·013 and P =0·009, respectively), whereas plasma creatine increased from 0M in Veg+Suppl ( P =0·004). None of the carnitine-related compounds in plasma or muscle showed a significant time×group interaction effect. 1 H-MRS-determined muscle carnosine content was unchanged over 6M in control and Veg+Pla, but increased in Veg+Suppl in soleus ( P <0·001) and gastrocnemius ( P =0·001) muscle. To conclude, the body creatine pool declined over a 3-month vegetarian diet in omnivorous women, which was ameliorated when accompanied by low-dose dietary creatine supplementation. Carnitine and carnosine homeostasis was unaffected by a 3- or 6-month vegetarian diet, respectively.
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“Muscle creatine levels are typically lower in vegetarians [15–17] and the elderly who may not consume as much meat or seafood in their diet due to difficulty digesting these food products [18,19].”
From Creatine monohydrate supplementation for older adults and clinical populations (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
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Metabolic Basis of Creatine in Health and Disease: A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review
Bonilla, D. A., Kreider, R. B., Stout, J. R., Forero, D. A., Kerksick, C. M., Roberts, M. D., & Rawson, E. S. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13041238 · Cited by 223
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Kaviani, M., Shaw, K., & Chilibeck, P. D. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17093041 · Cited by 92
Balestrino, M., & Adriano, E. (2019) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.21590 · Cited by 90
Creatine monohydrate supplementation for older adults and clinical populations
Candow, D. G., Ostojic, S. M., Chilibeck, P. D., Longobardi, I., Gualano, B., Tarnopolsky, M. A., Wallimann, T., Moriarty, T., Kreider, R. B., Forbes, S. C., et al. (2025) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2025.2534130 · Cited by 43
Metadata
- Authors
- Blancquaert, L., Baguet, A., Bex, T., Volkaert, A., Everaert, I., Delanghe, J., Petrovic, M., Vervaet, C., De Henauw, S., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., Greenhaff, P., & Derave, W.
- ORCID
- Blancquaert, Laura
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2018-03-23
- Volume
- 119
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 759-770
- ISSN
- 0007-1145
- 1475-2662
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 13
- Language
- en
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