The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Obesity, inflammation and the immune system
Open accessAbstract
Obesity shares with most chronic diseases the presence of an inflammatory component, which accounts for the development of metabolic disease and other associated health alterations. This inflammatory state is reflected in increased circulating levels of pro-inflammatory proteins, and it occurs not only in adults but also in adolescents and children. The chronic inflammatory response has its origin in the links existing between the adipose tissue and the immune system. Obesity, like other states of malnutrition, is known to impair the immune function, altering leucocyte counts as well as cell-mediated immune responses. In addition, evidence has arisen that an altered immune function contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity. This review attempts to briefly comment on the various plausible explanations that have been proposed for the phenomenon: (1) the obesity-associated increase in the production of leptin (pro-inflammatory) and the reduction in adiponectin (anti-inflammatory) seem to affect the activation of immune cells; (2) NEFA can induce inflammation through various mechanisms (such as modulation of adipokine production or activation of Toll-like receptors); (3) nutrient excess and adipocyte expansion trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress; and (4) hypoxia occurring in hypertrophied adipose tissue stimulates the expression of inflammatory genes and activates immune cells. Interestingly, data suggest a greater impact of visceral adipose tissue and central obesity, rather than total body fat, on the inflammatory process. In summary, there is a positive feedback loop between local inflammation in adipose tissue and altered immune response in obesity, both contributing to the development of related metabolic complications.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Long‐time stress appears to also contribute to pathogenesis of other sepsis comorbidities including obesity, diabetes, asthma and immunosenescence (de Heredia et al., 2012; Epel et al., 2004; Epel et al., 2008; Rod et al., 2012; Thakur et al., 2017).”
From On race, human variation, and who gets and dies of sepsis (2022) · cites this paper as de Heredia et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“CMV reactivation might be even more frequent in obesity, because excess adiposity drives chronic systemic inflammation and oxidative stress (Aroor and DeMarco 2014; Cervellati et al. 2014; de Heredia et al. 2012; Kanneganti and Dixit 2012; Le Lay and Simard 2014), which in turn can reactivate CMV directly (Cinatl et al. 1999; Docke et al. 1994; Jaganjac et al. 2010; Prosch et al. 1995; Speir 2000;”
From Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime “dose” of exercise? (2016) · cites this paper as de Heredia et al. 2012
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue
Weisberg, S. P., McCann, D., Desai, M., Rosenbaum, M., Leibel, R. L., & Ferrante, A. W. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200319246 · Cited by 10,041
Inflammation and metabolic disorders
Hotamisligil, G. S. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05485 · Cited by 9,199
Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization
Lumeng, C. N., Bodzin, J. L., & Saltiel, A. R. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci29881 · Cited by 4,664
Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
Weiss, R., Dziura, J., Burgert, T. S., Tamborlane, W. V., Taksali, S. E., Yeckel, C. W., Allen, K., Lopes, M., Savoye, M., Morrison, J. A., et al. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa031049 · Cited by 3,495
Adipocytokines: mediators linking adipose tissue, inflammation and immunity
Tilg, H., & Moschen, A. R. (2006) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1937 · Cited by 3,272
Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: their relation to the metabolic syndrome
Wajchenberg, B. L. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.21.6.0415 · Cited by 2,961
Adipokines: inflammation and the pleiotropic role of white adipose tissue
Trayhurn, P., & Wood, I. S. (2004) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20041213 · Cited by 2,210
Macrophage-specific PPARγ controls alternative activation and improves insulin resistance
Odegaard, J. I., Ricardo-Gonzalez, R. R., Goforth, M. H., Morel, C. R., Subramanian, V., Mukundan, L., Eagle, A. R., Vats, D., Brombacher, F., Ferrante, A. W., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05894 · Cited by 2,107
Recent advances in the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance.
Bastard, J., Maachi, M., Lagathu, C., Kim, M. J., Caron, M., Vidal, H., Capeau, J., & Fève, B. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 2,090
Adipose tissue expandability, lipotoxicity and the Metabolic Syndrome — An allostatic perspective
Virtue, S., & Vidal-Puig, A. (2010) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.12.006 · Cited by 1,013
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Gorman, 2004, Health: the fires within, Time, 163, 38
- Pérez de Heredia, 2010, Lactate enhances the inflammatory response in human preadipocytes in vitro, Obes Rev, 11, 122
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 846
Matsumoto, S., & Manabe, I. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8069-3_3
Produção de quinurenina em modelos experimentais de restrição de sono e obesidade
Marchi, A. F. (2015) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.9.2015.tde-03062015-165904
Effects of immunosuppressive drugs on human adipose tissue metabolism
Pereira, M. J. (2012) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Epigenetic Events Associated with Obesity and Diabetes
Burgio, E., & Migliore, L. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0706-9_8
Unhealthy Nutrigenomic Diets Accelerate NAFLD and Adiposity in Global
Martins, I. J. (2015)
Pang, J. (2012) · Figshare
Assessment of serum cobalt binding with diseases of domestic cats
Schnelle, A. N. (2013) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
Pai, M. P. (2016) · Methods in pharmacology and toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3323-5_23
Interaction of Nutrition and Immunity
Satyaraj, E., & Morley, J. E. (2014) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b17311-3
García, B. J. (2017) · Revista Complutense de Ciencias Veterinarias · doi:10.5209/rccv.55215
Ribeiro, H. Q. T. (2016) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.9.2016.tde-19102016-151923
Introductory Chapter: Obesity—“OMICS” and Endocrinology
Gordeladze, J. O. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/67685
Hülser, M.-L., Frommer, K., & Müller‐Ladner, U. (2017) · Aktuelle Rheumatologie · doi:10.1055/s-0043-121037
Dreher, M. L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50557-2_12
Iwan-Zietek, I., Szot, K., Michalska, M., Adamczyk, P., Chojnowski, J., Góralczyk, K., Ruszkowska-Ciastek, B., Bednarek, G., Sulikowski, T., Ziętek, Z. M., et al. (2018) · Pomeranian Journal of Life Sciences · doi:10.21164/pomjlifesci.372
Ramı́rez, M., Garibay‐Cerdenares, O. L., Martínez-Santos, V. I., & Parra‐Rojas, I. (2017) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México)
Post Kidney Transplant: Cardiovascular Complications
AbdulRahim, N., Tanrıöver, B., & Ariyamuthu, V. K. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00132-2_6
Shan, J., & Zhang, J. (2019) · Revue du Rhumatisme · doi:10.1016/j.rhum.2019.02.010
Infection prevention and control
Zimmerman, P.-A. P., van de Mortel, T., Cruickshank, M., & Shaban, R. Z. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781316718285.006
Bajaj-Mahajan, A. (2019) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Perez, V. M. (2019) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska)
Potential Health Benefits of Rice By-products
Tan, B. L., & Norhaizan, M. E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46153-9_5
Obesidade e COVID-19: Uma revisão integrativa
Serejo, A. H. H., dos Santos, J., de Melo, M. F., & Dutra, L. M. A. (2020) · Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento · doi:10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/saude/obesidade-e-covid-19
Effect of Obesity on Covid-19 Patients
Febrianti, C. D., Candi, C., & Sulistiadi, W. (2020) · International Conference of Health Development (ICHD) · doi:10.2991/ahsr.k.201125.055
Fitzgerald, K. C., & Mowry, E. M. (2020) · Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000000932
Drugs used for Weight Reduction among Iraqi Population Sample, a Comparative Study
Aboddy, A. (2020) · Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology · doi:10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11580
LEPTIN: FROM APPETITE SUPPRESSION TO AUTOIMMUNITY
Ranđelović, M., & Jevtović−Stoimenov, T. (2021) · Facta Universitatis Series Medicine and Biology · doi:10.22190/fumb191004017r
Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein and Cardiovascular Changes in Obese Children
Mansour, E. N., Elwakeel, M. E., Elaziz, O. H. A., & Shipl, W. M. (2021) · Open Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.4236/ojped.2021.112022
Shealy, J. J. (2021) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/dsd8-qw41
Study of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Acute Coronary Syndrome
Patel, V., Mishra, S., Sharma, M., Joseph, D., Verma, D. S., & Jha, D. R. K. (2021) · Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences · doi:10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i03.024
Ishibashi, K., & Atsumi, G. (2021) · BPB Reports · doi:10.1248/bpbreports.4.4_120
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Primary and Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Giron, F. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81553-0_25
Herrero, L. G., Pollán, M., Jiménez, M. M., López‐Tarruella, S., Montealegre, M. C., & Barrio, S. C. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1104267/v1
Redox Homeostasis and Nitro-Oxidative Stress in Obesity-Linked InflammationPreprint
Bottari, S. P., Tommaso, M. D., & Samouda, H. (2022) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0180.v1
Analysis of Young People’s Physical Activity in East Java During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Tarigan, A. R., Pramono, B. A., Mustar, Y. S., Wijaya, D., & Yusuf, H. (2021) · Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in social science, education and humanities research · doi:10.2991/assehr.k.211223.057
The role of diet and physical activity in influencing the microbiota/microbiome
Murphy, E. A., & Velázquez, K. T. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822130-3.00017-x
Het immuunsysteem en samenhangende ziekten
de Frel, D. L., Dik, W., & Leenen, P. J. M. (2022) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-2761-4_11
Hayati, F. A. N., Maramis, M. M., Atika, A., & Syamsuri, M. V. (2022) · International Journal of Research Publications · doi:10.47119/ijrp1001011520223172
Fernandez, S. A., Setianingrum, E. L. S., & Lada, C. O. (2022) · East African Scholars Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.36349/easms.2022.v05i06.002
COVID-19 and Obesity: The Collision of the Two Disasters
Oommen, R. V., Gotarkar, S., & Chakole, S. V. (2022) · Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.9734/jamps/2022/v24i530298
The Role of Berries and Their Bioactive Compounds on Obesity-induced Inflammation
Bo’, C. D., Vendrame, S., Martini, D., Riso, P., & Klimis‐Zacas, D. J. (2022) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781839165450-00306
Syfuddin, H. M., & Fariha, K. A. (2021) · Advanced Biomedicine · doi:10.54730/abm.2021.030603
Association of adiponectin gene polymorphism and cytokines levels in obese patients with COVID-19
Abood, H. Y., Jabir, F. A., & Al-Askeri, M. A. A. (2022) · International Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6ns6.12063
Redox Homeostasis and Nitro-Oxidative Stress in Obesity-Linked InflammationPreprint
Treiber, G., Samouda, H., Nobécourt, E., & Bottari, S. P. (2022) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0180.v2
Allami, R. H., Suleiman, A. A., Mouhamad, R. S., Abdullah, M. H., Alsudani, M. Y., & Ad'hiah, A. H. (2022) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0121166
Chen, H.-Y., Lee, J. K.-W., Lee, C. T., & Liu, C.-M. (2022) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1093/trstmh/trac121
Sato, T., Tanabe, K., Mochizuki, F., Yamaguchi, T. N., Ando, K., Oyama, Y., Nishimoto, M., & Niikura, H. (2022) · JAPANESE JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSTETRIC ENDOSCOPY · doi:10.5180/jsgoe.38.2_144
Qigong, obesity, and immunity dynamics and its application to long COVID-19 syndrome
Marks, R. (2023) · Advances in Obesity Weight Management & Control · doi:10.15406/aowmc.2023.13.00385
Yetkin, D. İ., Çiçek, Y., Sarı, H., & Özmen, C. A. (2023) · Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.5336/medsci.2022-90450
Zhang, L., Gong, R., Huang, Y., Xu, F., Xu, W., Pu, Y., Chen, K. G., Zhou, B., Su, X., Zhang, J., et al. (2023) · doi:10.2196/preprints.47375
Osman, B., Teesson, M., Marx, W., Thornton, L. K., Jacka, F. N., Hunter, E., Visontay, R., & Sunderland, M. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/ut584
Comorbid Obesity and Its Impact on Diabetes and COVID-19
Fang, J., Vo, J. L. N., & Reid, T. J. (2023) · Contemporary Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-28536-3_7
Obezite Potogenezinde Aquaporinler
PALABIYIK, O. (2023) · doi:10.59287/sbyc.565
Kaneko, C. K., Kaneko, K., Jularattanaporn, V., & Nararatwanchai, T. (2023) · Asian Biomedicine · doi:10.2478/abm-2023-0054
Hargrave, A. S., Sippy, R. J., Cueva, C., Polhemus, M. E., Beltrán, E., Abbott, M. A., & Ibarra, A. M. S. (2023) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268823001656 · Cited by 1
Is there a link between obesity phenotype and thyroid diseases? A mini-review of current concepts
Milewska-Kobos, E. M., Szczepanek‐Parulska, E., & Ruchała, M. A. (2023) · Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej · doi:10.2478/ahem-2023-0015
Irisin modulates bone marrow derived macrophage polarization towards M2 profile in high fat fed mice
Magalhães-Santos, J., Simões, R. L., Caldas, C. A., Neto, S. R. M., Barja‐Fidalgo, T. C., Bouskela, E., & Castiglione, R. C. (2023) · Concilium · doi:10.53660/clm-2386-23s13
The Effect of Body Mass Index on the KYN/TRP Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis
Güney, Z., & ALTINGÖZ, S. M. (2023) · European Annals of Dental Sciences · doi:10.52037/eads.2023.0025
The effects of HCMV seropositivity and BMI degree on T cell immunophenotype in adults
Lima, D. D. D., Dorneles, G. P., Ribeiro, J. S., Haubert, A. F., Romão, P. R. T., Peres, A., & Rodrigues, L. C. (2024) · Obesity Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100531
Kipp, A., Marti, H., Bábíčková, J., Nakken, S., Leh, S. M., Halden, T. A. S., Jenssen, T. G., Vikse, B. E., Åsberg, A., Spagnoli, G. C., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24037258
Oh, H., & Seo, K. (2024) · Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science · doi:10.7586/jkbns.23.025
ADIPOCINAS: O PAPEL CRUCIAL NA REGULAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DA OBESIDADE
FERNANDES, A. S. A., Ferreira, A. E. F., Mahalem, F. F. C., Corrêa, M. L., & Rocha, C. M. (2024) · RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar · doi:10.47820/recima21.v5i6.5337
Shaukat, R., & Arshad, H. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5063514/v1
Jabłonowska-Babij, P., Jędrzejuk, D., Majcherek, M., Szeremet, A., Karasek, M., Kuszczak, B., Kujawa, K., Sitkiewicz, M., Landwójtowicz, M., Wróbel, T., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13195987
Proposal for Modification and Clinical Adaptation of the ASEPSIS Wound Scoring System
Mba, U. C., Mba, S. G., & Yiltok, S. J. (2025) · International Journal of Medicine and Health Development · doi:10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_40_24
Saha, S., Prigge, R., Jackson, C., Guthrie, B., & Fleetwood, K. J. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.01.16.25320668
Ratnawati, H., Tih, F., Puspasari, G., Pelapelapon, A. A., & Felim, S. (2025) · Exploration of Immunology · doi:10.37349/ei.2025.1003180
Surgery-induced reduction in inflammation relates to improved neural inhibitory control in obesityPreprint
Kaufmann, L., Custers, E., Vreeken, D., Snabel, J. M., Morrison, M. C., Kleemann, R., Wiesmann, M., Hazebroek, E. J., Aarts, E., & Kiliaan, A. J. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.02.21.25322626
Short-term resistance training improves lipid metabolism and inflammation in diet-induced obese mice
Kim, Y. G., Cha, Y., & Park, J. E. (2025) · Journal of Nutrition and Health · doi:10.4163/jnh.2025.58.1.1
Khalid, A. A., Malik, A. P., Iqbal, J., & Sathian, B. (2025) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104122
Gut microbial composition and diversity varies by CREBRF genotype among Samoan infants
Oyama, S., Arslanian, K. J., Sardaro, M. L. S., Duckham, R. L., Kershaw, E. E., Wood, A. N., Fidow, U. T., Naseri, T. K., Reupena, M. S., Amato, K. R., et al. (2025) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00014.2024
Edwards, J., Ganz, T., Nemeth, E., Martin, E. J., JACKSON, N. J., & Kim, A. (2025) · The Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.2478/jccm-2025-0012
Nutritional Care Process in Hospitalized Patients with Obesity-Related Multimorbidity
Rivera-Carranza, T., Girón, A. L.-T., Mimiaga-Hernández, C., & Aguilar‐Vargas, A. (2025) · Obesities · doi:10.3390/obesities5020039
Research Progress on Risk Factors and Prognosis of Masked Uncontrolled Hypertension
方, 君. (2025) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2025.1551541
Biswal, S. P., Pati, S. S., Sahoo, D., & Mahanta, J. (2025) · Student s Journal of Health Research Africa · doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i6.1912
Exploring innovations in cell death for the study and treatment of non-communicable diseases
Mendes, M. K. D. A., Góes, L. S. B. D. B., Sousa, M. D. S., Carrilho, E., Vieira, E. C., & Júnior, C. A. L. (2025) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2025.06.013
Central Obesity in Children and Adolescent: Current Themes and Future Potential Researches
Moelyo, A. G., Ferdian, H., & Wiyono, N. (2025) · Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat · doi:10.15294/kemas.v20i4.2898
Muinais-DNA: Avain menneisyyteen
Nordfors, U., & Meriluoto, M. (2025) · doi:10.21435/tl.298 · Cited by 2
Bone and Joint Infection in Immunocompromised Patients
Martins, L. P. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-96383-4_12
Varra, F., Varras, M. N., Varra, V., & Theodosis‐Nobelos, P. (2025) · Current Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/0127724328392698250818071803 · Cited by 1
Mba, U. C., G, S., & Yiltok, S. J. (2025) · PubMed Central
Bürgin, D., Nishimi, K. M., Clemens, V., Meier, M., Unternäehrer, E., Gurri, L., Bruttin, E., Rohleder, N., Klauser, P., Dwir, D., et al. (2025) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101098
Metadata
- Authors
- de Heredia, F. P., Gómez-Martínez, S., & Marcos, A.
- Affiliations
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2012-03-20
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 332-338
- ISSN
- 0029-6651 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2719
- OpenAlex
- W2001652786
- Cited by
- 845
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 92 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of The Nutrition Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Keywords
- obesity, chronic inflammation, leptin, adiponectin, free fatty acids, Toll-like receptors, adipokines, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia, visceral adipose tissue, abdominal obesity, immune function, metabolic disorders, children and adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Hypoxia, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Fatty Acids, Humans, Immune System, Inflammation, Obesity, Overnutrition, Adipokines, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review