The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Symptoms of depression in two communities
Abstract
Synopsis: Histories of depression-related symptoms were obtained from 3845 randomly selected adult residents of Kansas City, Missouri, and Washington County, Maryland. Depressed persons were slightly more common in Kansas City than in Washington County but within the latter area no urban–rural differences were observed. More depressed persons were found among blacks than among whites. Slightly more white females than males were depressed; no significant differences were found between black females and males. After adjustment for the effects of other independent variables, the probability of having symptoms of depression was highest among persons who were young adults, unmarried, not employed outside the home, poorly paid, and not well educated.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
A self-rating depression scale
ZUNG, W. W. K. (1965) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008 · Cited by 9,813
Cited by
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Koretz, D., Merikangas, K. R., Rush, A. J., Walters, E. E., & Wang, P. S. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3095 · Cited by 7,988
Screening for Depression in Well Older Adults: Evaluation of a Short Form of the CES-D
Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30622-6 · Cited by 5,403
Lewinsohn, P. M., Seeley, J. R., Roberts, R. E., & Allen, N. B. (1997) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.12.2.277 · Cited by 1,782
Gallo, L. C., & Matthews, K. A. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.10 · Cited by 1,366
Andrade, L., Caraveo‐anduaga, J. J., Berglund, P., Bijl, R. V., Graaf, R. D., Vollebergh, W., Dragomirecka, E., Kohn, R., Keller, M., Kessler, R. C., et al. (2003) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.138 · Cited by 1,068
Screening for Adolescent Depression: A Comparison of Depression Scales
ROBERTS, R. E., LEWINSOHN, P. M., & SEELEY, J. R. (1991) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199101000-00009 · Cited by 850
Resilience to loss and chronic grief: A prospective study from preloss to 18-months postloss
Bonanno, G. A., Wortman, C. B., Lehman, D. R., Tweed, R. G., Haring, M., Sonnega, J., Carr, D., & Nesse, R. M. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.5.1150 · Cited by 836
6/Use of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale with Older Adults
Sawyer Radloff, L., & Teri, L. (1986) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1300/j018v05n01_06 · Cited by 768
Araujo, A. B., Durante, R., Feldman, H. A., Goldstein, I., & McKinlay, J. B. (1998) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199807000-00011 · Cited by 576
Assessment of depression in adolescents using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
Roberts, R. E., Andrews, J. A., Lewinsohn, P. M., & Hops, H. (1990) · Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.2.2.122 · Cited by 521
Kane, P., & Garber, J. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.03.004 · Cited by 498
Documentation of Affective Functioning Measures in the Health and Retirement Study
Steffick, D. (2000) · doi:10.7826/isr-um.06.585031.001.05.0005.2000 · Cited by 476
Kessler, R. C., Merikangas, K. R., & Wang, P. S. (2007) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091444 · Cited by 468
The CES-D as a Screen for Depression and Other Psychiatric Disorders in Adolescents
GARRISON, C. Z., ADDY, C. L., JACKSON, K. L., McKEOWN, R. E., & WALLER, J. L. (1991) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199107000-00017 · Cited by 357
McCorkle (2000) · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03886.x · Cited by 321
A 40-Year Perspective on the Prevalence of Depression: The Stirling County Study
Murphy, J. M., Laird, N. M., Monson, R. R., Sobol, A. M., & Leighton, A. H. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.3.209 · Cited by 318
Parental prevention practices for young children in the context of maternal depression
McLennan, J. D., & Kotelchuck, M. (2000) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.105.5.1090 · Cited by 170
Prevalence, severity, and correlates of sleep-wake disturbances in long-term breast cancer survivors
Otte, J. L., Carpenter, J. S., Russell, K. M., Bigatti, S., & Champion, V. L. (2010) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2009.07.004 · Cited by 165
Ford-Gilboe, M., Wuest, J., Varcoe, C., Davies, L., Merritt-Gray, M., Campbell, J., & Wilk, P. (2009) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.01.003 · Cited by 152
Emotional Distress and Prenatal Attachment in Pregnancy After Perinatal Loss
Armstrong, D. S. (2002) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2002.00339.x · Cited by 140
Association of depression and life-sustaining treatment preferences in patients with COPD
Stapleton, R. D., Nielsen, E. L., Engelberg, R. A., Patrick, D. L., & Curtis, J. R. (2005) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.127.1.328 · Cited by 121
The prevalence and correlates of workplace depression in the national comorbidity survey replication
Kessler, R. C., Merikangas, K. R., & Wang, P. S. (2008) · Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e31816ba9b8 · Cited by 96
Measuring meaning in life following cancer
Jim, H. S., Purnell, J. Q., Richardson, S. A., Golden-Kreutz, D., & Andersen, B. L. (2006) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-006-0028-6 · Cited by 100
Ordway, M. R., Sadler, L. S., Dixon, J., Close, N., Mayes, L., & Slade, A. (2014) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2013.04.006 · Cited by 93
Simonelli, L. E., Fowler, J., Maxwell, G. L., & Andersen, B. L. (2008) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-008-9029-8 · Cited by 80
Boerner, K., Wortman, C. B., & Bonanno, G. A. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/60.2.p67 · Cited by 78
Furukawa, T., Hirai, T., Kitamura, T., & Takahashi, K. (1997) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(97)00079-7 · Cited by 66
Timing and chronicity of maternal depression symptoms and children’s verbal abilities
Ahun, M. N., Geoffroy, M.-C., Herba, C. M., Brendgen, M., Séguin, J. R., Sutter-Dallay, A.-L., Boivin, M., Tremblay, R. E., & Côté, S. M. (2017) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.07.007 · Cited by 45
The Ohio Midlife Women's Study
Glazer, G., Zeller, R., Delumba, L., Kalinyak, C., Hobfoll, S., Winchell, J., & Hartman, P. (2002) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/07399330290107377 · Cited by 46
Mohamed, N. E., Bovbjerg, D. H., Montgomery, G. H., Hall, S. J., & Diefenbach, M. A. (2012) · Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations · doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.02.002 · Cited by 33
Obesity in women who have experienced intimate partner violence
Alhalal, E. (2018) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.13797 · Cited by 24
Identifying Factors that Predict Women's Inability to Maintain Separation from an Abusive Partner
Abdulmohsen Alhalal, E., Ford-Gilboe, M., Kerr, M., & Davies, L. (2012) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.3109/01612840.2012.714054 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Comstock, G. W., & Helsing, K. J.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1977-02
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 551-563
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2137449302
- Cited by
- 709
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 20.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
