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Threat bias in attention orienting: evidence of specificity in a large community-based study
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Preliminary research implicates threat-related attention biases in paediatric anxiety disorders. However, major questions exist concerning diagnostic specificity, effects of symptom-severity levels, and threat-stimulus exposure durations in attention paradigms. This study examines these issues in a large, community school-based sample. Method A total of 2046 children (ages 6-12 years) were assessed using the Development and Well Being Assessment (DAWBA), Childhood Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and dot-probe tasks. Children were classified based on presence or absence of 'fear-related' disorders, 'distress-related' disorders, and behavioural disorders. Two dot-probe tasks, which differed in stimulus exposure, assessed attention biases for happy-face and threat-face cues. The main analysis included 1774 children. RESULTS: For attention bias scores, a three-way interaction emerged among face-cue emotional valence, diagnostic group, and internalizing symptom severity (F = 2.87, p < 0.05). This interaction reflected different associations between internalizing symptom severity and threat-related attention bias across diagnostic groups. In children with no diagnosis (n = 1411, mean difference = 11.03, s.e. = 3.47, df = 1, p < 0.001) and those with distress-related disorders (n = 66, mean difference = 10.63, s.e. = 5.24, df = 1, p < 0.05), high internalizing symptoms predicted vigilance towards threat. However, in children with fear-related disorders (n = 86, mean difference = -11.90, s.e. = 5.94, df = 1, p < 0.05), high internalizing symptoms predicted an opposite tendency, manifesting as greater bias away from threat. These associations did not emerge in the behaviour-disorder group (n = 211). CONCLUSIONS: The association between internalizing symptoms and biased orienting varies with the nature of developmental psychopathology. Both the form and severity of psychopathology moderates threat-related attention biases in children.
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“Recent visual-probe-task studies of anxious children suggest that AB towards threat is associated with high internalising (anxiety and depression) symptoms in disorderfree children and in those with distress-related disorders such as generalised anxiety disorder; whereas AB away from threat (avoidance) is found in children who have both high internalising symptoms and fear-related disorders (Salum”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Salum et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“and is sometimes found in anxiety disorders (e.g., Eldar et al., 2012;Salum et al., 2013;Waters et al., 2014).”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Salum et al., 2013
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Metadata
- Authors
- Salum, G. A., Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Gadelha, A., Pan, P., Tamanaha, A. C., Moriyama, T., Graeff-Martins, A. S., Jarros, R. B., Polanczyk, G., do Rosário, M. C., Leibenluft, E., Rohde, L. A., Manfro, G. G., & Pine, D. S.
- Affiliations
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (BR)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (BR)
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Salum, G. A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2012-07-31
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 733-745
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2099034837
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 17.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- UNIFESP Institutional Repository (Universidade Federal de São Paulo) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- AstraZeneca
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- National Institute of Mental Health
- EU Aid Volunteers
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Keywords
- threat bias, attentional bias, attentional orienting, children, internalizing problems, fear-related disorders, behavioural disorders, dot-probe task, emotional valence, developmental psychopathology, diagnostic specificity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Anxiety Disorders, Attention, Child, Child Behavior, Child Behavior Disorders, Facial Expression, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reaction Time, Severity of Illness Index, Cohort Studies, Linear Models
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