Challenges in Developing Novel Treatments for Childhood Disorders: Lessons from Research on Anxiety
Open accessAbstract
Alterations in brain development may contribute to chronic mental disorders. Novel treatments targeted toward the early-childhood manifestations of such chronic disorders may provide unique therapeutic opportunities. However, attempts to develop and deliver novel treatments face many challenges. Work on pediatric anxiety disorders illustrates both the inherent challenges as well as the unusual opportunities for therapeutic advances. The present review summarizes three aspects of translational research on pediatric anxiety disorders as the work informs efforts to develop novel interventions. First, the review summarizes data on developmental conceptualizations of anxiety from both basic neuroscience and clinical perspectives. This summary is integrated with a discussion of the two best-established treatments, cognitive behavioral therapy and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Second, the review summarizes work on attention bias to threat, considering implications for both novel treatments and translational research on neural circuitry functional development. This illustrates the manner in which clinical findings inform basic systems neuroscience research. Finally, the review summarizes work in basic science on fear learning, as studied in fear conditioning, consolidation, and extinction paradigms. This summary ends by describing potential novel treatments, illustrating the manner in which basic neuroscience informs therapeutics.
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Later studies extended antidepressant treatment to pediatric anxiety disorders.
“Later studies extended antidepressant treatment to pediatric anxiety disorders (21,22).”
From Pediatric psychopharmacology: Too much or too little? (2013) · cites this paper as [22]
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- Authors
- Pine, D. S., Helfinstein, S. M., Bar-Haim, Y., Nelson, E., & Fox, N. A.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pine, Daniel S
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2008-08-27
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 213-228
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- PMC
- PMC2794358
- OpenAlex
- W2088212731
- Cited by
- 194
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 2.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (ZIA‐MH002781)
- National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002780, ZIAMH002782)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- childhood anxiety disorders, child psychopathology, early intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, attention bias to threat, fear conditioning, fear extinction, fear consolidation, translational research, brain development
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Attention, Child, Child Behavior, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Development, Conditioning, Psychological, Humans, Neural Pathways, Pediatrics, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Biomedical Research
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