Cited by 173Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Treatments and Assessments

Efficacy of motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression symptoms following traumatic brain injury

Ponsford, J., Lee, N. K., Wong, D., McKay, A., Haines, K., Alway, Y., Downing, M., Furtado, C. +1 more·2016·Psychological Medicine

Abstract

Background: Anxiety and depression are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI), often co-occurring. This study evaluated the efficacy of a 9-week cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program in reducing anxiety and depression and whether a three-session motivational interviewing (MI) preparatory intervention increased treatment response. Method: A randomized parallel three-group design was employed. Following diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, 75 participants with mild-severe TBI (mean age 42.2 years, mean post-traumatic amnesia 22 days) were randomly assigned to an Adapted CBT group: (1) MI + CBT (n = 26), or (2) non-directive counseling (NDC) + CBT (n = 26); or a (3) waitlist control (WC, n = 23) group. Groups did not differ in baseline demographics, injury severity, anxiety or depression. MI and CBT interventions were guided by manuals adapted for individuals with TBI. Three CBT booster sessions were provided at week 21 to intervention groups. Results: Using intention-to-treat analyses, random-effects regressions controlling for baseline scores revealed that Adapted CBT groups (MI + CBT and NDC + CBT) showed significantly greater reduction in anxiety on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [95% confidence interval (CI) −2.07 to −0.06] and depression on the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (95% CI −5.61 to −0.12) (primary outcomes), and greater gains in psychosocial functioning on Sydney Psychosocial Reintegration Scale (95% CI 0.04–3.69) (secondary outcome) over 30 weeks post-baseline relative to WC. The group receiving MI + CBT did not show greater gains than the group receiving NDC + CBT. Conclusions: Findings suggest that modified CBT with booster sessions over extended periods may alleviate anxiety and depression following TBI.

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Crossref · 10.1017/s0033291715002640

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Authors
Ponsford, J., Lee, N. K., Wong, D., McKay, A., Haines, K., Alway, Y., Downing, M., Furtado, C., & O'Donnell, M. L.
Affiliations
  • Monash University (AU)
  • Flinders University (AU)
  • The University of Melbourne (AU)
Corresponding author
Ponsford, J.
Venue
Psychological Medicine
Published
2015-12-28
Volume
46
Issue
5
Pages
1079-1090
ISSN
  • 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-8978
OpenAlex
W2229032733
Cited by
173
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3
FWCI
7.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Health and Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Keywords
traumatic brain injury, anxiety, depression, motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, booster sessions, non-directive counseling, psychosocial functioning, post-traumatic stress, treatment response
MeSH terms
Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Adult, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Australia, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Severity of Illness Index, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Motivational Interviewing

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