Prevalence of harm in mindfulness-based stress reduction
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Abstract
Background: Mindfulness meditation has become a common method for reducing stress, stress-related psychopathology and some physical symptoms. As mindfulness programs become ubiquitous, concerns have been raised about their unknown potential for harm. We estimate multiple indices of harm following Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on two primary outcomes: global psychological and physical symptoms. In secondary analyses, we estimate multiple indices of harm on anxiety and depressive symptoms, discomfort in interpersonal relations, paranoid ideation and psychoticism. Methods: Intent-to-treat analyses with multiple imputations for missing data were used on pre- and post-test data from a large, observational dataset ( n = 2155) of community health clinic MBSR classes and from MBSR ( n = 156) and waitlist control ( n = 118) participants from three randomized controlled trials conducted contemporaneous to community classes in the same city by the same health clinic MBSR teachers. We estimate the change in symptoms, proportion of participants with increased symptoms, proportion of participants reporting greater than a 35% increase in symptoms, and for global psychological symptoms, clinically significant harm. Results: We find no evidence that MBSR leads to higher rates of harm relative to waitlist control on any primary or secondary outcome. On many indices of harm across multiple outcomes, community MBSR was significantly preventative of harm. Conclusions: Engagement in MBSR is not predictive of increased rates of harm relative to no treatment. Rather, MBSR may be protective against multiple indices of harm. Research characterizing the relatively small proportion of MBSR participants that experience harm remains important.
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This finding is consistent with a recent large-scale evaluation of deterioration in MBSR.
“This finding is consistent with a recent large-scale evaluation of the deterioration in MBSR [87].”
From Testing the efficacy of a multicomponent, self-guided, smartphone-based meditation app: Three-armed randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [87]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Hirshberg, M. J., Goldberg, S. B., Rosenkranz, M., & Davidson, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hirshberg, Matthew J.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2020-08-18
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1080-1088
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- PMC
- PMC7889774
- OpenAlex
- W3068462010
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 3.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5u01at002114-03)
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (U01-AT002114, K23AT010879, P01AT004952)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness meditation, adverse effects, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, psychological symptoms, somatic symptoms, waitlist control
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Depression, Humans, Stress, Psychological, Prevalence, Treatment Outcome, Mindfulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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