Systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing mindfulness-based programs for mental health promotion

Galante, Julieta; Friedrich, Claire; Collaboration of Mindfulness Trials (CoMinT); Aeamla-Or, Napaporn; Arts-de Jong, Marieke; Barrett, Bruce; Bögels, Susan M.; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Checovich, Mary M.; Christopher, Michael S.; Davidson, Richard J.; Errazuriz, Antonia; Goldberg, Simon B.; Greven, Corina U.; Hirshberg, Matthew J.; Huang, Shu-Ling; Hunsinger, Matthew; Hwang, Yoon-Suk; Jones, Peter B.; Medvedev, Oleg N.; Rosenkranz, Melissa A.; Schellekens, Melanie P. J.; Siebelink, Nienke M.; Singh, Nirbhay N.; Speckens, Anne E. M.; Tang, Feng-Cheng; Tomfohr-Madsen, Lianne; Dalgleish, Tim; Jones, Peter B.; White, Ian R.

doi:10.1038/s44220-023-00081-5

Cited by 113Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsDigital Mental Health InterventionsPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

Systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing mindfulness-based programs for mental health promotion

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Galante, Julieta, Friedrich, Claire, Collaboration of Mindfulness Trials (CoMinT), Aeamla-Or, Napaporn, Arts-de Jong, Marieke, Barrett, Bruce, Bögels, Susan M., Buitelaar, Jan K. +22 more·2023·Nature Mental Health

DOI 10.1038/s44220-023-00081-5PMC PMC7615230

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Abstract

Introduction: Mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs) are widely used to prevent mental ill-health that is becoming the leading global cause of morbidity. Evidence suggests beneficial average effects but wide variability. We aimed to confirm the effect of MBPs on psychological distress, and to understand whether and how baseline distress, gender, age, education, and dispositional mindfulness modify the effect of MBPs on distress among adults in non-clinical settings. Methods: We conducted a pre-registered systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42020200117). Thirteen databases were searched in December 2020 for randomised controlled trials satisfying a quality threshold and comparing in-person, expert-defined MBPs in non-clinical settings with passive control groups. Two researchers independently selected, extracted, and appraised trials using the revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool (RoB2). Anonymised IPD of eligible trials were sought from collaborating authors. The primary outcome was psychological distress (unpleasant mental or emotional experiences including anxiety and depression) at 1 to 6 months after programme completion. Data were checked and imputed if missing. Pairwise, random-effects, two-stage IPD meta-analyses were conducted. Effect modification analyses followed a within-studies approach. Public and professional stakeholders were involved in the planning, conduct and dissemination of this study. Results: Fifteen trials were eligible, 13 trialists shared IPD (2,371 participants representing 8 countries, median age 34 years-old, 71% women, moderately distressed on average, 20% missing outcome data). In comparison with passive control groups, MBPs reduced average distress between one- and six-months post-intervention with a small to moderate effect size (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.41 to -0.24; p-value < 0.001; 95% prediction interval (PI) -0.41 to -0.24 (no heterogeneity)). Results were robust to sensitivity analyses, and similar for the other psychological distress time point ranges. Confidence in the primary outcome result is high. We found no clear indication that this effect is modified by baseline psychological distress, gender, age, education level, or dispositional mindfulness. Conclusions: Group-based teacher-led MBPs generally reduce psychological distress among community adults who volunteer to receive this type of intervention. More research is needed to identify sources of variability in outcomes at an individual level.

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Mindfulness-based interventions can reduce depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and rumination among caregivers.
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From Mindfulness and rumination: stress pathways for caregivers of persons living with dementia. (2026) · cites this paper as Galante et al., 2023
The Results (Intervention effects; page unavailable) report that mindfulness-based programs reduced psychological distress compared with passive controls, and the Methods (Outcomes and risk-of-bias assessment; page unavailable) identify perceived stress and depression-related scales among the distress measures. However, the paper reports an overall effect across community adults, not reductions in each named symptom among caregivers; it does not report a reduction in rumination. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Schellekens, M. P. J., van den Hurk, D. G. M., Prins, J. B., Donders, A. R. T., Molema, J., Dekhuijzen, R., van der Drift, M. A., & Speckens, A. E. M. (2017) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4430 · Cited by 138 · cited 3× · see citing works
“There is evidence that MBPs targeted at stressed, anxious, or symptomatic groups have larger effects 20,30–33 .”
Self-citation
A Systematic Review of the Demographic Characteristics of Participants in US-Based Randomized Controlled Trials of Mindfulness-Based Interventions
Waldron, E. M., Hong, S., Moskowitz, J. T., & Burnett-Zeigler, I. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0920-5 · Cited by 137 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Our sample reflects the wider situation: the average rates of educational attainment for the individuals in MBSR and MBCT trials tends to be greater than the average for the US population 83 84 .”
Mental health in the post‐COVID‐19 era: challenges and the way forward
Vadivel, R., Shoib, S., Halabi, S. E., Hayek, S. E., Essam, L., Bytyçi, D. G., Karaliūnienė, R., Teixeira, A. L. S., Nagendrappa, S., Ramalho, R., et al. (2021) · General Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/gpsych-2020-100424 · Cited by 134 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The review inclusion criteria, applied at the study level, were (1) parallel-arm RCTs, including cluster RCTs; (2) group-based firstgeneration MBPs(19), with a minimum intensity of four 1 h in-person teacher-led sessions or equivalent; (3) passive-control groups, such as no intervention or waitlists, or treatment as u…”
Effects of a brief mindfulness-based intervention program for stress management among medical students: the Mindful-Gym randomized controlled study
Phang, C. K., Mukhtar, F., Ibrahim, N., Keng, S., & Sidik, S. M. (2015) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-015-9591-3 · Cited by 133 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Data were unavailable from two of the 15 eligible trials for which IPD were sought; due to non-response to multiple contact attempts 62 , and authors confirming data inaccessibility 63 .”
Do mindfulness-based programmes improve the cognitive skills, behaviour and mental health of children and adolescents? An updated meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Dunning, D. L., Tudor, K., Radley, L., Dalrymple, N., Funk, J., Vainre, M., Ford, T. J., Montero‐Marín, J., Kuyken, W., & Dalgleish, T. (2022) · Evidence-Based Mental Health · doi:10.1136/ebmental-2022-300464 · Cited by 133 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A comparison of meta-analyses of MBPs for children and students with those of MBPs for adults suggests that effects may be larger among younger people 20,41–43 .”
Self-citation
Individual Participant Data Meta‐Analysis: A Handbook for Healthcare Research
(2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119333784 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
From Science to Practice
Oxman, A. D. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03530100085040 · Cited by 108 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…P M C F und e r s A u t ho r M a nu s c r i p t s estimating intervention effects, since the data can be checked and re-analysed consistently across all the included samples, RCT data unused in previous analyses can be included, and missing data can be accounted for at the individual level 60,61 .”
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction-related changes in posterior cingulate resting brain connectivity
Kral, T. R. A., Imhoff‐Smith, T., Dean, D., Grupe, D. W., Adluru, N., Patsenko, E. G., Mumford, J. A., Goldman, R. I., Rosenkranz, M. A., & Davidson, R. J. (2019) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsz050 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citation
Baseline patterns of substance use disorder severity and depression and anxiety symptoms moderate the efficacy of mindfulness-based relapse prevention.
Roos, C. R., Bowen, S., & Witkiewitz, K. (2017) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000249 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
The Potential for Mindfulness-Based Intervention in Workplace Mental Health Promotion: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Huang, S.-L., Li, R.-H., Huang, F.-Y., & Tang, F.-C. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138089 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Mental Health of Clinical Clerkship Students: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
van Dijk, I., Lucassen, P. L., Akkermans, R., van Engelen, B. G. M., van Weel, C., & Speckens, A. E. M. (2017) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000001546 · Cited by 89 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Three trials measured psychological distress beyond 6 months after completion of the intervention; the longest follow up was 17 months post-intervention 71 .”
Self-citation
Towards an Individual Differences Perspective in Mindfulness Training Research: Theoretical and Empirical Considerations
Tang, R., & Braver, T. S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00818 · Cited by 87 · cited 3× · see citing works
“With the current surge of MBP use, it is crucial to move beyond simply studying group-level intervention effects, and assess individual variability in MBP training responsiveness 28 .”
Influential
For Whom Does Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Work? Moderating Effects of Personality
Nyklíček, I., & Irrmischer, M. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0687-0 · Cited by 81 · cited 1× · see citing works
“While some studies support this suggestion 44 , age was not a significant effect modifier in the clinical MBCT IPD meta-analysis nor in other studies 34,45 .”
Serum IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) as a biomarker for severity of acute respiratory infection in healthy adults
Hayney, M. S., Henriquez, K. M., Barnet, J. H., Ewers, T., Champion, H. M., Flannery, S., & Barrett, B. P. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Virology · doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2017.03.003 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citation
An Examination of Mindfulness-Based Programs in US Medical Schools
Barnes, N., Hattan, P., Black, D. S., & Schuman‐Olivier, Z. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0623-8 · Cited by 72 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Mindfulness training is offered in over 600 companies globally 14 and 79% of United States medical schools 15 .”
Comparison of aggregate and individual participant data approaches to meta-analysis of randomised trials: An observational study
Tierney, J. F., Fisher, D. J., Burdett, S., Stewart, L. A., & Parmar, M. (2020) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003019 · Cited by 72 · cited 1× · see citing works
“As it allows for effect modification testing at the participant level, IPD meta-analysis is regarded as the ideal approach for estimating the modification effects of individual differences 22,23,54–57 .”
Effects of a Required Large-Group Mindfulness Meditation Course on First-Year Medical Students’ Mental Health and Quality of Life: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Neto, A. D., Lucchetti, A. L. G., Ezequiel, O. D. S., & Lucchetti, G. (2019) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-019-05284-0 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Meditation or exercise for preventing acute respiratory infection (MEPARI-2): A randomized controlled trial
Barrett, B. P., Hayney, M. S., Muller, D., Rakel, D. P., Brown, R., Zgierska, A. E., Barlow, S., Hayer, S. D., Barnet, J. H., Torres, E. R., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197778 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effectiveness of providing university students with a mindfulness-based intervention to increase resilience to stress: 1-year follow-up of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Galante, J., Stochl, J., Dufour, G., Vainre, M., Wagner, A. P., & Jones, P. B. (2021) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2020-214390 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
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Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in University Students: a Meta-analytic Review
Ma, L., Zhang, Y., & Cui, Z. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01192-w · Cited by 67 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Another AD meta-analysis found similar results for depressive symptoms among university E u r op e P M C F und e r s A u t ho r M a nu s c r i p t s E u r op e P M C F und e r s A u t ho r M a nu s c r i p t s students 82 .”
A randomised controlled trial (MindChamp) of a mindfulness‐based intervention for children with ADHD and their parents
Siebelink, N. M., Bögels, S. M., Speckens, A. E. M., Dammers, J. T., Wolfers, T., Buitelaar, J. K., & Greven, C. U. (2021) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13430 · Cited by 67 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…participants; for a cluster-RCT of lung cancer patients and partners, only partner data were used 30 , for one of parents of children with ADHD, only parent data were used 67 , and only the data from non-asthmatic participants was used in an RCT which also recruited asthmatic participants 65 .”
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Differential sensitivity of mindfulness questionnaires to change with treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Baer, R., Gu, J., Cavanagh, K., & Strauss, C. (2019) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000744 · Cited by 66 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Dispositional mindfulness, although very frequently measured, is an inconsistent concept, and it is unclear to what extent changes in dispositional mindfulness are specific to MBPs 49–52 .”
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and the Prevention of Depressive Relapse: Measures, Mechanisms, and Mediators
Davidson, R. J. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0135 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prevalence of harm in mindfulness-based stress reduction
Hirshberg, M. J., Goldberg, S. B., Rosenkranz, M., & Davidson, R. J. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720002834 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Retrospective Systematic Review of Diversity Variables in Mindfulness Research, 2000–2016
Eichel, K., Gawande, R., Acabchuk, R. L., Palitsky, R., Chau, S., Pham, A., Cheaito, A., Yam, D., Lipsky, J., Dumais, T., et al. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01715-4 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Age and psychological influences on immune responses to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in the meditation or exercise for preventing acute respiratory infection (MEPARI) trial
Hayney, M. S., Coe, C. L., Muller, D., Obasi, C. N., Backonja, U., Ewers, T., & Barrett, B. P. (2013) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.4161/hv.26661 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citation
The many facets of mindfulness and the prediction of change following mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR)
Gawrysiak, M. J., Grassetti, S. N., Greeson, J. M., Shorey, R. C., Pohlig, R., & Baime, M. J. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22521 · Cited by 52 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Some, but not all, studies found that those with greater baseline dispositional mindfulness experienced greater mental health and wellbeing improvements after having participated in MBPs 27,45,53 .”
What Can We Learn from Randomized Clinical Trials About the Construct Validity of Self-Report Measures of Mindfulness? A Meta-Analysis
Goldberg, S. B., Tucker, R. P., Greene, P. A., Simpson, T. L., Hoyt, W. T., Kearney, D. J., & Davidson, R. J. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1032-y · Cited by 50 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Dispositional mindfulness, although very frequently measured, is an inconsistent concept, and it is unclear to what extent changes in dispositional mindfulness are specific to MBPs 49–52 .”
Self-citation
Teachers “Finding Peace in a Frantic World”: An Experimental Study of Self-Taught and Instructor-Led Mindfulness Program Formats on Acceptability, Effectiveness, and Mechanisms
Montero-Marin, J., Taylor, L., Crane, C., Greenberg, M. T., Ford, T. J., Williams, J. M. G., García-Campayo, J., Sonley, A., Lord, L., Dalgleish, T., et al. (2021) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000542 · Cited by 49 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The lack of human interaction and teacher guidance may substantially modify their effectiveness and safety 75 .”
Self-citation
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for psychological distress in pregnancy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Tomfohr‐Madsen, L. M., Campbell, T. S., Giesbrecht, G. F., Letourneau, N. L., Carlson, L. E., Madsen, J. W., & Dimidjian, S. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1601-0 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citation
Increased lucid dream frequency in long-term meditators but not following mindfulness-based stress reduction training.
Baird, B., Riedner, B. A., Boly, M., Davidson, R. J., & Tononi, G. (2018) · Psychology of Consciousness Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/cns0000176 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citation
A follow‐up study to a randomised control trial to investigate the perceived impact of mindfulness on academic performance in university students
Bóo, S. J. M., Childs‐Fegredo, J., Cooney, S., Datta, B., Dufour, G., Jones, P. B., & Galante, J. (2019) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12282 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citation
Impact of analysing continuous outcomes using final values, change scores and analysis of covariance on the performance of meta‐analytic methods: a simulation study
McKenzie, J. E., Herbison, P., & Deeks, J. J. (2015) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1196 · Cited by 40 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We used the ANCOVA estimate as effect measure (final score adjusted for baseline score and the available pre-specified effect modifiers) 54,98 .”
Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on psychological distress in health workers: A three-arm parallel randomized controlled trial
Errázuriz, A., Schmidt, K., Undurraga, E. A., Medeiros, S., Baudrand, R. F., Cussen, D., Henríquez, M., Celhay, P., & Figueroa, R. A. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.011 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The methodological quality of individual participant data meta-analysis on intervention effects: systematic review
Wang, H., Chen, Y., Lin, Y., Abesig, J., Wu, X., & Tam, W. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n736 · Cited by 38 · cited 2× · see citing works
“We were able to obtain IPD for 96% of the eligible participants, over the 90% mark which is seen as a reliable indicator of low risk of selection bias 86,87 .”
Benefits of 8-wk Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction or Aerobic Training on Seasonal Declines in Physical Activity
Meyer, J. D., Torres, E. R., Grabow, M., Zgierska, A. E., Teng, H., Coe, C. L., & Barrett, B. P. (2018) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001636 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citation
Immune dysregulation among students exposed to exam stress and its mitigation by mindfulness training: findings from an exploratory randomised trial
Turner, L., Galante, J., Vainre, M., Štochl, J., Dufour, G., & Jones, P. B. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62274-7 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Pregnancy on Psychological Distress and Gestational Age: Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial
MacKinnon, A., Madsen, J. W., Giesbrecht, G. F., Campbell, T. S., Carlson, L. E., Dimidjian, S., Letourneau, N. L., Tough, S., & Tomfohr‐Madsen, L. M. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01585-2 · Cited by 36 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Publication dates ranged from 2012 to 2022 - for two trials 66 67 the main papers were published after our search, but their protocols had been identified in the search.”
Self-citation
Advantage of meditation over exercise in reducing cold and flu illness is related to improved function and quality of life
Obasi, C. N., Brown, R., Ewers, T., Barlow, S., Gassman, M., Zgierska, A. E., Coe, C. L., & Barrett, B. P. (2012) · Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses · doi:10.1111/irv.12053 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation
Developments in Qualitative Mindfulness Practice Research: a Pilot Scoping Review
Frank, P., & Marken, M. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01748-9 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Awareness and Experience of Mindfulness in Britain
Simonsson, O., Fisher, S. D., & Martin, M. (2020) · Sociological Research Online · doi:10.1177/1360780420980761 · Cited by 33 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It is estimated that 15% of British adults and 20% of Australians have practiced mindfulness meditation at some point in their lives; 5% in the United States have done so in 2017 12,13 .”
Differential Reduction of IP-10 and C-Reactive Protein via Aerobic Exercise or Mindfulness-Based Stress-Reduction Training in a Large Randomized Controlled Trial
Meyer, J. D., Hayney, M. S., Coe, C. L., Ninos, C. L., & Barrett, B. P. (2019) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.2018-0214 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citation
Self-Reported Mental Health Predicts Acute Respiratory Infection.
Maxwell, L., Barrett, B. P., Chase, J., Brown, R., & Ewers, T. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 26 · see citing works
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Establishing a Theory-Based Multi-Level Approach for Primary Prevention of Mental Disorders in Young People
Moro, G. L., Soneson, E., Jones, P. B., & Galante, J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249445 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mindfulness for Children With ADHD and Mindful Parenting (MindChamp): A Qualitative Study on Feasibility and Effects
Siebelink, N. M., Kaijadoe, S. P. T., van Horssen, F. M., Holtland, J. N. P., Bögels, S. M., Buitelaar, J. K., Speckens, A. E. M., & Greven, C. U. (2020) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054720945023 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
Value associated with mindfulness meditation and moderate exercise intervention in acute respiratory infection: The MEPARI Study
Rakel, D. P., Mundt, M. P., Ewers, T., Fortney, L., Zgierska, A. E., Gassman, M., & Barrett, B. P. (2013) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmt008 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mindfulness Training, Implicit Bias, and Force Response Decision-Making
Hunsinger, M., Christopher, M., & Schmidt, A. M. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01213-8 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Exercise for the Prevention of Acute Respiratory Infection: Possible Mechanisms of Action
Zgierska, A. E., Obasi, C. N., Brown, R., Ewers, T., Muller, D., Gassman, M., Barlow, S., & Barrett, B. P. (2013) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2013/952716 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exploring the Benefits of Mindfulness Training in Healthy Community-Dwelling Older Adults: a Randomized Controlled Study Using a Mixed Methods Approach
Fiocco, A. J., Mallya, S., Farzaneh, M., & Koszycki, D. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1041-x · Cited by 18 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Other study designs, mainly individual trials and AD meta-analyses, have found different results for all of these potential effect modifiers e.g., 26,27,36,38–40 .”
Differential Impact of Mindfulness Practices on Aggression Among Law Enforcement Officers
Ribeiro, L., Colgan, D. D., Hoke, C. K., Hunsinger, M., Bowen, S. W., Oken, B., & Christopher, M. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01289-2 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citation
No consistent evidence of data availability bias existed in recent individual participant data meta-analyses: a meta-epidemiological study
Tsujimoto, Y., Fujii, T., Onishi, A., Omae, K., Luo, Y., Imai, H., Takahashi, S., Itaya, T., Pinson, C., Nevitt, S. J., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.10.004 · Cited by 17 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In line with recent work 88 , results were robust to sensitivity analyses including AD for the two eligible trials for which we could not obtain IPD.”
Predictors of Mindfulness Meditation and Exercise Practice, from MEPARI-2, a randomized controlled trial
Barrett, B. P., Torres, E. R., Meyer, J. D., Barnet, J., & Brown, R. L. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01137-3 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
Added value of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: A Tree-based Qualitative Interaction Analysis.
ter Avest, M. J., Dusseldorp, E., Huijbers, M., van Aalderen, J. V., Cladder-Micus, M. B., Spinhoven, P., Greven, C., & Speckens, A. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103467 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mindfulness-based programmes for mental health promotion in adults in non-clinical settings: protocol of an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Galante, J., Friedrich, C., Dalgleish, T., White, I. R., & Jones, P. B. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058976 · Cited by 8 · cited 2× · see citing works
“We updated this search in December 2020 using the search strategies prespecified in our IPD meta-analysis protocol 90 .”
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Relevance of mindfulness practices for culturally and linguistically diverse cancer populations
Russell, L., Ugalde, A., White, V., Pitcher, M., Jorgenssen, S., Whitfield, K., Rasmussen, B., & Livingston, P. (2019) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5221 · Cited by 6 · cited 1× · see citing works
“There are concerns that those with lower education levels may not benefit equally from MBPs because of their language and cultural references 47 .”
Increasing momentum in prevention of mental illness and mental health promotion across Europe
Samele, C. (2016) · BJPsych International · doi:10.1192/s2056474000000957 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
PFAS Health Database: A Systematic Evidence MapPreprint
Pelch, K. E., Reade, A., Kwiatkowski, C. F., Schultz, K., Varshavsky, J., Cavalier, H., Merced-Nieves, F., & Wolffe, T. A. M. (2021) · doi:10.17605/osf.io/f9upx · Cited by 5 · see citing works
P02.57. Mindfulness meditation versus exercise in the prevention of acute respiratory infection, possible mechanisms of action: a randomized controlled trial
Zgierska, A. E., Obasi, C. N., Brown, R., Ewers, T., Rabago, D., & Barrett, B. P. (2012) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-p113 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
P3.05-008 Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Added to Care as Usual for Lung Cancer Patients and Their Partners: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Schellekens, M. P. J., van den Hurk, D. G. M., Prins, J. B., Donders, A. R. T., Molema, J., Dekhuijzen, R. P. N., van der Drift, M. A., & Speckens, A. E. M. (2017) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.2170 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mindfulness- and self-compassion-based intervention for educators: Effects of a school-based cluster randomised controlled study
Hwang, Y., Goldstein, H., Medvedev, O. N., Singh, N. N., Noh, J., & Hand, K. (2019) · Explore Bristol Research · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01147-1
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1 of the 116 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 5

[18]Kabat-Zinn, J. Full Catastrophe Living, Revised Edition: How to Cope with Stress, Pain and Illness Using Mindfulness Meditation 2 edn (Piatkus, 2013).
[64]Aeamla-Or, N. The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Stress, Depression, Self-Esteem and Mindfulness in Thai Nursing Students: a Randomised Controlled Trial. PhD thesis, Univ. Newcastle (2015).
[94]Covidence systematic review software (Veritas Health Innovation, 2019).
[103]Galante, J. et al. Individual Participant Data Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials Assessing Adult Mindfulness-Based Programmes for Mental Health Promotion in Non-clinical Settings - Electronic Dataset and Code10.17605/OSF.IO/F9UPX (Center for Open Science, 2023). PMC7615230 37867573
[105]Barrett, B. et al. P02.36. Meditation or exercise for preventing acute respiratory infection: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement. Altern. Med.10.1370/afm.1376 (2012). PMC3392293 22778122 · DOI · Paper page

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Effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on the well-being of healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ong, N. Y., Teo, F. J. J., Ee, J. Z. Y., Yau, C. E., Thumboo, J., Tan, H. K., & Ng, Q. X. (2024) · General Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/gpsych-2023-101115 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The efficacy of mindfulness apps on symptoms of depression and anxiety: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Linardon, J., Messer, M., Goldberg, S. B., & Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M. (2023) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102370 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prevalence and 20-year trends in meditation, yoga, guided imagery and progressive relaxation use among US adults from 2002 to 2022
Davies, J. N., Faschinger, A., Galante, J., & Dam, N. T. V. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-64562-y · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Increases in accessibility 52 , evidence regarding health and wellbeing benefits 10–12 , and barriers to accessing conventional mental health services 38,39 may be contributing to increases in use across all practices.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Neuromodulation and meditation: A review and synthesis toward promoting well-being and understanding consciousness and brain
Abellaneda‐Pérez, K., Potash, R. M., Pascual‐Leone, Á., & Sacchet, M. D. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105862 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Mental health disorders and their impact on cardiovascular health disparities
Vaccarino, V., Prescott, E., Shah, A. J., Bremner, J. D., Raggi, P., Dobilienė, O., Gale, C. P., & Bugiardini, R. (2025) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101373 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“73 Mantra-based meditation such as transcendental meditation have also shown potential efficacy, but studies on psychiatric patients are limited.”
Building Resilience and Social–Emotional Competencies in Elementary School Students through a Short-Term Intervention Program Based on the SEE Learning Curriculum
Min, H. J., Park, S. H., Lee, S., Lee, B.-H., Kang, M.-K., Kwon, M. J., Chang, M. J., Negi, L. T., Samphel, T., & Won, S. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14060458 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“…individuals relieve and manage stress or burnout, thereby reducing suffering and enhancing attention, self-awareness, and self-regulation [31–34 ,38, 39 Finally, SEE Learning is fundamentally based on compassion, or recognizing and relieving one’s own and others’ suffering while cultivating…”
Background
Immersive virtual reality or computerised mindfulness meditation for improving mood? Preliminary efficacy from a pilot randomised trial
Poetar, C.-R., Bradley, N., & Voinescu, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1157469 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The effects of mindfulness enhanced Tai Chi Chuan training on mental and physical health among beginners: a randomized controlled trial
Qü, P., Zhu, X., Zhou, H., Kang, Z., Li, R., Wen, J., Pan, F., Liu, Y. S., Zhu, T., Cao, Q., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1381009 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The sharing economy is not always greener: a review and consolidation of empirical evidence
Meshulam, T., Goldberg, S., Ivanova, D., & Makov, T. (2023) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad0f00 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citation
Economic Inequality and Mental Health: Causality, Mechanisms, and Interventions
Rakesh, D., Shiba, K., Lamont, M., Lund, C., Pickett, K. E., VanderWeele, T. J., & Patel, V. (2025) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-025710 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Mindfulness in the school curriculum? A nationwide cluster-randomized trial of the effectiveness of implementing a mindfulness-based intervention for 9–16-year-olds students in Danish elementary schools
Juul, L., Frydenberg, M., Bonde, E. H., Beck, M. S., Gøtzsche, K., Nielsen, H. B., & Fjorback, L. O. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118117 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
An integrative framework for the mechanisms underlying mindfulness-induced cognitive change
Cásedas, L., Schooler, J. W., Vadillo, M. A., & Lupiáñez, J. (2024) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-024-00374-1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness: effects on academic stress, academic burnout, and psychological resilience in university students
Chen, S., & Qi, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1722669 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Trauma Shaping the Psychopathological Correlates of Patients with Long-COVID: A 6-Months Longitudinal Study with Repeated Measures Mixed Models
Panzeri, A., Devita, M., Rosa, E. D., Bottesi, G., Brundisini, V., Guarrera, C., Ravelli, A., Ponza, I., Cattelan, A. M., Volpe, B., et al. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115609 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Follow-up assessments were planned after 3 and 6 months for theoretical and practical considerations (Galante et al., 2023; National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2018).”
Background
A low-cost digital first aid tool to reduce psychological distress in refugees: A multi-country randomized controlled trial of self-help online in the first months after the invasion of Ukraine
Noha, A.-M. A., Asanov, I., & Buenstorf, G. (2024) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117442 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Half a Century of Research for Mind–Body Interventions: A Scientometric Analysis
Sabé, M., Chen, C., Vancampfort, D., Firth, J., Smith, L., Stubbs, B., Rosenbaum, S., Schuch, F. B., Prada, P., Saccaro, L. F., et al. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02592-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…cognitive therapy practices (MBCT), playing a pivotal role in the incorporation of mind–body interventions as adjunctive measures in concurrent healthcare, particularly in mental disorders (Galante et al., 2023; Tan et al., 2023) and cancer-related symptoms management (Casuso-Holgado et al., 2022).”
Epigenetic, psychological, and EEG changes after a 1-week retreat based on mindfulness and compassion for stress reduction in healthy adults: Study protocol of a cross-over randomized controlled trial
Díez, G. G., Martin-Subero, I., Zangri, R. M., Kulis, M., Andreu, C. I., Blanco, I., Roca, P., Cuesta, P., García, C., Garzón, J., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283169 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Improving patient-centered mental health promotion in primary care in vulnerable communities through mindfulness training in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Teixeira, D. S., Fortes, S., Kestenberg, C. C. F., Alves, K., Campos, M. R., Neto, A. D. O., Ortega, F., García‐Campayo, J., & Demarzo, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1356040 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The computational unconscious: Adaptive narrative control, psychopathology, and subjective well-beingPreprint
Deane, G., Mago, J., Fotopoulou, A., Sacchet, M. D., Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Sandved-Smith, L. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/x7aew · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Mindfulness-Based Integrative Programme: The effectiveness, acceptability, and predictors of responses to a novel low-dose mindfulness-based intervention
Burić, I., Žderić, L., Koch, P., & de Bruin, C. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.076 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Childhood maltreatment, mindfulness, and the mediating role of rumination in college students
Fox, S. W., Morgan, V. R., Strait, G. G., Strait, J. E., & Ranton, K. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-07033-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Mindfulness-based interventions have been found to be effective in treating depression, anxiety, and stress (Chiesa & Serretti, 2011; Galante et al., 2023; Grossman et al., 2004; Khoury et al., 2013), while dispositional or trait mindfulness (i.e., the tendency to be mindful in day-to-day…”
The relational dimension in mindfulness intervention effects: results of a randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting
Laurent, H. K., Haigler, K., Sbrilli, M. D., Suzuki, K., & Duncan, L. G. (2025) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-025-07676-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Meta-analyses have typically demonstrated more reliable effects of mindfulness training on individual well-being, with moderate-sized effects on psychological distress in adult community samples [5].”
Serum BDNF Increase After 9-Month Contemplative Mental Training Is Associated With Decreased Cortisol Secretion and Increased Dentate Gyrus Volume: Evidence From a Randomized Clinical Trial
Puhlmann, L. M. C., Vrtička, P., Linz, R., Valk, S. L., Papassotiriou, I., Chrousos, G. P., Engert, V., & Singer, T. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100414 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mind the Echo Chamber: Mindfulness as a Contemplative Practice That can Contribute to Public Health
Galante, J., & Dam, N. T. V. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02343-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Mental Health Outcomes in Frontline Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Jong, M. A.-D., Geurts, D. E. M., Spinhoven, P., Ruhé, H. G., & Speckens, A. E. M. (2025) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-025-09529-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Impact of a Mindfulness‐Based Intervention on Symptoms and Emotion Regulation Strategies in Young Adolescents From the General Population: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Piguet, C., Celen, Z., Meuleman, B., Schilliger, Z., Smith, M. M., Mendola, E., Pham, E., Jouabli, S., Ivanova, V., Murray, R. J., et al. (2025) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/da/2679049 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“The general improvement in psychological distress seems to be robust [33], as well as the speci ﬁ c impact on anxiety disorders in adults, where it was shown noninferior to antidepressant SSRI [34].”
Work Hours, Stress, and Burnout Among Resident Physicians
Tan, S. F., Siddiqui, H., Pinto, A. A., Paur, B., Chen, G., Elfenbein, D. M., Minichiello, V. J., Barrett, B., Davidson, R. J., & Goldberg, S. B. (2026) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.53974 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Museum as a Mindful Space: Reducing Visitors’ Stress and Anxiety Levels Through the ASBA Protocol
Banzi, A., Sacco, P. L., Vanutelli, M. E., & Lucchiari, C. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16010116 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Temperament and Character Moderate the Effects of Mindfulness Training on Psychological and Professional Well-Being of School Teachers
Matiz, A., Pascut, S., Fabbro, F., & Crescentini, C. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02573-0 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The higher percentage of women in the MBI group may have magnified the effects of the MBI; however, the influence of gender on MBI outcomes has not yet been confirmed (Galante et al., 2023).”
Psychoneuroimmunology of Mindfulness: What works, how it works, and for whom?
Burić, I. (2025) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101022 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mindfulness Teacher Trainees’ Experiences (MTTE): An investigation of intense experiences in mindfulness-based interventions
Jönhagen, E., Wood, T., Niemi, M., & Galante, J. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0301593 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
How Does Masculinity Play a Protective Role for Gay Men? The Mediation Effect of Mindfulness Between Gender Role and Mental Distress
Li, H., Yang, Y., Li, Y., & Zeng, Y. (2024) · International Journal of Sexual Health · doi:10.1080/19317611.2024.2360739 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…determined the protective role of mindfulness-based interventions and mindfulness practices for both heterosexual and gay men’s psychological health (Galante et al., 2023; Gayner et al., 2012; Hoge et al., 2015; Iacono, 2018; Kearns et al., 2016; Lau et al., 2020; Schanche et al., 2020; Tan, 2016;…”
Self-Compassion and Resilience as Mediators of a 30-Day Internet-Delivered Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: A Pragmatic Open Trial
Holas, P., & Wardęszkiewicz, J. (2026) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02738-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…evidence indicates that MBCT and related mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), significantly reduce anxiety and perceived stress, with effect sizes comparable to standard psychological treatments (Fumero et al., 2020; Galante et al., 2023).”
Feasibility study of the psychosocial effects of an online mindfulness intervention in children and adolescents with achondroplasia and their parents
Casellas, À., Casellas‐Grau, A., Serra, À., & Alibés, E. B. I. (2024) · European Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2024.104984 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Brief Mindfulness Meditation via Video Streaming Improves Depression, Anxiety, and Perceived Stress Among Schoolteachers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Tsubono, K., & Mitoku, S. (2025) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.70040 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Recently, the delivery system of mindfulness programs has changed with the emergence of new technology (Galante et al. 2023).”
Influential
How mindfulness-based training improves stress-related health: a selective review of randomized clinical trials comparing psychological mechanisms of action
Puhlmann, L. M. C., & Engert, V. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1415081 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Prevalence and predictors of meditation use in Australia and New Zealand: results from a nationally representative survey
Davies, J. N., Bailey, C., Galante, J., & Dam, N. T. V. (2025) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-025-05183-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…while there is good evidence that specific forms of meditation (e.g. mindfulness) can be beneficial for several health and wellbeing outcomes [3, 4], recent data suggests that meditation is not helpful for everyone, and that adverse effects ranging from mild anxiety, emotional and sleep…”
Self-citation
Effects of chamber restricted environmental stimulation therapy on state mindfulness, physiological regulation and emotional experience in young adults: Exploring variations by resting heart rate variability
Soláriková, P., & Bartolen, I. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104697 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Regulation of the gut microbiota through meditation and exercise: Potential for enhancing physical well-being across all ages in the twenty-first century
Volpini, V., Bricca, S., Ubaldi, F., Ghaffar, T., Platania, S., Valeriani, F., & Spica, V. R. (2025) · Sports Medicine and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2025.07.007 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
From Clinic to Community: A Public Health Approach to Mindfulness
Medvedev, O. N., & Krägeloh, C. U. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02550-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…of mindfulness and meditation practices has resulted in the mindfulness literature gaining mainstream acceptance, and MBIs are now recognized as an evidence-based approach not only to address psychological distress but also to improve psychological well-being more broadly (Galante et al., 2023).”
Self-citation
Mindfulness as a mediating mechanism between health importance and positive mental well-being
Borges, A. P., Rodrigues, P. C. L., Brochado, A. M., & Sousa, A. (2025) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing · doi:10.1108/ijphm-07-2024-0069 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Two weeks to tune in: Evaluating the effects of a short‐term body scan on interoception
Schwerdtfeger, A. R., Weber, B., & Rominger, C. (2025) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.70073 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Mindfulness practices have been discussed to benefit mental health (Galante et al., 2023; Hanley et al., 2015; Johnson et al., 2023; Keng et al., 2011; Remskar et al., 2024) with four neurobiologically based key mechanisms being involved: Attention regulation, body awareness, emotion regulation,…”
Climate anxiety impairs sustained attention: objective evidence of a cognitive cost
Denkova, E., Tardibuono, T. K., Tsukahara, J. S., Zanesco, A. P., & Jha, A. P. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1624782 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Real-World Meditation App Engagement: Longitudinal Study of the Medito Meditation App
Adams, J. A., Davies, J. N., Wattanatakulchat, P., Galante, J., D’Alfonso, S., & Christodoulides, N. (2026) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/79366 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Evaluating Mindfulness Training as a Cognitive Performance Enhancement Tool: Insights from Two Pragmatic Cluster-Randomized Trials in an Elite Military Educational Setting
Denkova, E., Tardibuono, T. K., Zanesco, A. P., Montenegro, C. S., Rooks, J. D., Rogers, S. L., & Jha, A. P. (2026) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-026-02786-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Among People Recovering from Mental Illness: A Tailored Mindfulness-Based Intervention versus Relaxation Training
Cheng, D., Young, D. K. W., Carlbring, P., Petrus Yat-nam, N. G., & Hung, S. L. (2023) · Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work · doi:10.1080/26408066.2023.2281418 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Взаимосвязь психологического благополучия с личностными особенностями у женщин на разных сроках беременности
Н.А., Б. (2024) · International journal of medicine and psychology. · doi:10.58224/2658-3313-2024-7-5-143-153 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Who Wants to be Mindful? Personality Predictors of Meditation Practice
Ryakhovskaya, Y., Dam, N. T. V., & Smillie, L. D. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02526-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Given evidence linking meditation to improved well-being and mental health (Galante et al., 2023) personality predictors of meditation could help explain some of the variance that personality shares with these positive life outcomes (Anglim et al., 2020; Kotov et al., 2010).”
Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Salivary Cortisol and α-amylase Level, Anxiety and Depression in Students: A Randomized and Parallel-Group Clinical Trial
Shahyad, S., Mohammadzadegan, R., Saadat, S. H., Hatef, B., Jahromi, G. P., & Hassanvandi, S. (2025) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-025-09690-5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Mindfulness is a form of awareness that emerges through paying attention to the goal in the present moment and not judging the unfolding of moment-to-moment experiences (Galante et al., 2023; Kabat-Zinn, 2003).”
Mindfulness and Connection Training During Preservice Teacher Education Reduces Early Career Teacher Attrition Four Years LaterPreprint
Hirshberg, M. J., Flook, L., Sundaram-Stukel, R., & Davidson, R. J. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/bxy2a · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Preschoolers with Symptoms of Hyperactivity and their Mothers: Comparing Meditation and Music Interventions
Pandya, S. P. (2024) · Child & Family Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1080/07317107.2024.2429767 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…populations, have supported that privileged classes (middle and upper classes) tend to have a greater positive impact of spiritual interventions (Galante et al., 2023; Sauer et al., 2013; van der Oord et al., 2014), but the finer distinction between middle classes and the elite subgroups has…”
Übersichtsarbeiten / Review Articles. Achtsamkeit im Zusammenhang mit Suchtstörungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters: Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Forschung / Mindfulness in the Context of Addiction Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence: Overview of the Current State of Research
Arnaud, N., Fritsch, N., & Thomasius, R. (2024) · Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie · doi:10.13109/prkk.2024.73.7.627 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Understanding Mindfulness in Racially Diverse Adults Through a Person-Oriented Approach: A Latent Profile Analysis with a Hawaiʻi-Based Sample
Jo, D., Pan, M. C., & Masuda, A. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02536-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“There is now sufficient theoretical and empirical evidence suggesting the benefits of mindfulness-based interventions (Dawson et al., 2020; Galante et al., 2023; Goldberg et al., 2022; Haller et al., 2021; Tran et al., 2022).”
Adding Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Mindfulness Meditation Abolishes Mindfulness-Induced Improvements in Emotion Regulation in Fibromyalgia
Ramasawmy, P., Antal, A., Gamboa, O. L., Petzke, F. W., & Kästner, A. (2025) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000001319 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Introducing a mindfulness-based intervention in school curriculum to 16–24-year-olds. A nationwide cluster-randomized trial
Juul, L., Frydenberg, M., Bonde, E. H., Beck, M. S., Gøtzsche, K., Bruggisser, S., & Fjorback, L. O. (2025) · npj Mental Health Research · doi:10.1038/s44184-025-00150-w · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A randomized clinical trial of mindfulness training versus a health promotion program: Impact on cognitive and mental health in older immigrants
Teixeira-Santos, A. C., Gomes, L., Pereira, D. R., Ribeiro, F. S., Carvalheiro, J., Godinho, C., Silva‐Fernandes, A., Bihan, E. L., Federspiel, C., Steinmetz, J., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2025.100642 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Previous meta-analysis has shown that mindfulness is superior to passive control comparisons, such as wait-list, in reducing distress (Galante et al., 2023; Whitfield et al., 2022).”
Quality of Life, Healthcare Use and Cost of Practice From a Nationally-Representative Australian Survey to Inform Future Economic Evaluations of Contemplative Practices
Bailey, C., Dam, N. T. V., Davies, J. N., Schilling, C. G., & Galante, J. (2026) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-026-02788-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses of School-Based Mindfulness Based Interventions (MBIs)
Grennan, S., O’Dowd, A., Twomey, C. D., O’Connor, M., & Carr, A. (2026) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-026-02809-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“The evidence base for MBIs with adult populations is more robust, with positive impact across all four variables reviewed in this paper, and with larger effect sizes (Galante et al., 2023).”
Self-compassion as a Transdiagnostic Construct: A Multilevel Meta-analysis of Associations with Psychopathology at Overall, Dimensional, and Component Levels
Burić, I., ter Avest, M. J., Helmond, P., Assink, M., Nikolić, M., Pizarro-Carmona, A., Möller, E. L., de Bruin, E. I., Bögels, S. M., Greven, C. U., et al. (2026) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-026-02832-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses can address this limitation by using raw, participant-level data, enabling a more precise examination of moderators and associations (e.g. Galante et al., 2023; Riley et al., 2021).”
Self-citation
Immediate mood changes and practice adherence during a self-directed SKT1 meditation program in university students: An intensive longitudinal study
Kamollimsakul, S., von Bormann, S. M., & Triamchaisri, S. K. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0350556 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Conventional Mindfulness-Based Programs (MBPs), most notably Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) or Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), function primarily by anchoring the individual in non-judgmental awareness, leveraging top-down cognitive reappraisal to regulate distress [8,9].”
Personalized prediction of response to three meditation practices: A randomized controlled trial
Simonsson, O., Webb, C. A., Ruiz, M., Osika, W., Narayanan, J., Dahlén, M., Lutz, W., Schwartz, B., Ren, B., Dahl, C. J., et al. (2026) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2026.105141 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Терапевтическое присутствие: взгляд через созерцательные практики
Ярмолюк, Р. (2024) · Психологические исследования · doi:10.54359/ps.v17i94.1585
Exploring the Landscape of Home-Based Teleradiology in Japan: A Qualitative Analysis of Radiologists’ and Neurosurgeons’ Experiences to Elucidate Advantages, Challenges, and Future Directions
Ueki, S., Kaneda, Y., Ozaki, A., Kotera, Y., Tanimoto, T. E., Omoto, Y., Kurosaki, K., Yamazaki, H., Yoshida, T., Mizoue, N., et al. (2024) · SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s42399-024-01722-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Still, mental health issues are significant concerns, and self-administered mental health interventions, such as mindfulness practices and self-compassion techniques, could prove beneficial in maintaining optimal psychological well-being [26, 27].”
Exploring the Role of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Enhancing Psychological Capital and Academic Adjustment among Chinese Students
Luο, X. (2024) · American Journal of Health Behavior · doi:10.5993/ajhb.48.5.13 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Addressing Mental Health, Glucose Management, and Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Among People With Gestational Diabetes via Mindfulness: Community Perspectives and Implications for Intervention Design
Sun, S., Pisani, C., Pellowski, J. A., Go, M., & Loucks, E. B. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02699-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…(MBCT), encompass practices such as body awareness, gentle yoga, mindful walking, and self-kindness, and they have been shown to improve psychological health, reduce food craving, improve sleep quality, and facilitate a healthy lifestyle (Galante et al., 2023; Mace et al., 2024; Tapper, 2022).”
Mindfulness and rumination: stress pathways for caregivers of persons living with dementia.
Savla, J., Mansoor, M., Kim, N., Hagemann, L., Luci, K., & Sapra, M. (2026) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnag103
“…randomized trials indicate that mindfulness-based interventions can reduce depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and rumination among caregivers (Galante et al., 2023; Kor et al., 2021; Oh et al., 2022), although effects are often comparable to those observed in strong active controls such as…”
Teacher-Led, In-Person Mindfulness Courses Can Lead to Extended Relief of Psychological Distress. What About Pain?
(2023) · The Back Letter · doi:10.1097/01.back.0000977796.07696.ee
A comprehensive matrix of factors contributing to depression
Medvedev, O. N., & Krägeloh, C. U. (2023) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-023-00126-9
Self-citation
Public involvement in an aggregate and individual participant data meta-analysis of mindfulness-based programmes for mental health promotionPreprint
Friedrich, C., Fairbairn, T., Denton, G., Geddes, M., Thomas-Carr, D., Jones, P. B., & Galante, J. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/jpu9c
Self-citation
Public involvement in an aggregate and individual participant data meta-analysis of mindfulness-based programmes for mental health promotion
Friedrich, C., Fairbairn, T., Denton, G., Geddes, M., Thomas-Carr, D., Jones, P. B., & Galante, J. (2024) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-024-02601-5
Self-citation
Enquête sur les attentes et les besoins en méditation pleine conscience d’une communauté universitaire
Prevost, V., Razafimandimby, A., Leclair, M., Sesboüé, A., Bui, É., Bocca, M., Delamillieure, P., & Lechevrel, M. (2025) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2024.12.008
Brief Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Seniors—An Exploratory Semi-Randomized Examination of Decentering Effects on Cognitive Functions and Psychological Distress
Katzenelenbogen, O., & Aisenberg-Shafran, D. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15040466
“Mindfulness has been widely recognized for its role in promoting emotional well-being and cognitive functions across different age groups (Jha et al., 2015; Goldberg et al., 2022; Galante et al., 2023; Zenner et al., 2014).”
The Effect of a Dyadic Support Intervention on Mindfulness Home Practice Adherence: A Pilot and Feasibility Study
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“These include reduced distress levels (Galante et al., 2023), attenuations in depression and psychiatric symptoms, smoking and substance use (Goldberg et al., 2022), and improvements in cognitive functioning (Im et al., 2021), happiness and productivity (Coo & Salanova, 2018), and social…”
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Predictors of Engagement with a Popular Meditation App: A Prospective Study of Real-World Use (Preprint)Preprint
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Factor Structure and Construct Validity of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in Prison Samples: A Bass-Ackwards Approach
Garofalo, C., Billen, E., Adams, C. F., Velotti, P., Mazzeschi, C., Delvecchio, E., & Gillespie, S. M. (2025) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911251365742
“…perhaps unsurpris-ingly, the application of mindfulness-based interventions has skyrocketed across various contexts (Fulambarkar et al., 2023; Galante et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2021) Initially applied mainly to target internalizing symptoms, mindfulness may also hold promise for studying…”
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“This course has made it easier for me to embrace myself and my child”: A qualitative study of an adapted mindfulness-based stress reduction course for pregnant women with psychosocial vulnerabilities
Pedersen, L. B., Ramsdal, N. B., Fjorback, L. O., Ravn, S. L., Kolls, M., & Skovbjerg, S. (2025) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000412
Strengthening Public Health in Portugal: The Value of Behavioural Science
Godinho, C. I. A., & Marques, M. M. (2025) · Portuguese Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1159/000548677
The Effectiveness of UK School-Based Mental Health Programs for Neurodivergent Adolescents: A Policy Review of Sen (Special Educational Needs) and Inclusive Education Strategies
ADINDU, K. N., Alao, O. J., Ige, T., Nwudele, U., OHANU, C., ONAKOYA, A., Anadu, J. U., Awoyemi, B., Chukwunonye, C., & Riches, A. (2025) · British journal of healthcare and medical research · doi:10.14738/bjhr.1204.19102
Virtual Reality Mindfulness-Based Intervention for School Children: Does Neuroticism or Initial Mindfulness Moderate the Effects?
Olarza, A., Nyklíček, I., Mindeguia, R., Soroa, G., & Aritzeta, A. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02742-1
Mindfulness and Psychological Growth
Wajanatinapart, P. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-3133-2_12
Mindfulness-Based Zentangle for Parental Depression and Anxiety: A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial
Sun, Y., Xu, Y.-D., Kwok, T., Sit, S., & Lai, A. (2026) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-026-02780-3
Teacher-Guided vs. Self-Guided Mindfulness in Higher Education: Comparable Effects on Emotion Regulation, Trait Mindfulness, and Adverse Effects
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Effects of risk management plus predictive nursing on adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury behavior
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“…a positive nurse–patient relationship and providing psychological counseling and cognitive reconstruction help patients recognize and modify negative cognitive patterns and maladaptive thinking habits, improve emotional regulation abilities, and relieve depressive and anxious symptoms (19) .”
Efectos de la gestión de riesgos combinada con enfermería predictiva en adolescentes con conducta autolesiva no suicida
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Effectiveness of Deconstructive Meditative Practices in Improving Mental Health and Well-being: A Systematic Review
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“anxiety, and depression (Galante et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2021).”
Mindfulness, Immersive Wellness, and Well-being: Mapping the Intellectual Landscape Through Bibliometric Analysis
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Gender differences in the influence of app-based mindfulness meditation on emotion regulation: a randomised controlled trial
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Self-compassion as a well-being strategy against burnout among dentists: a controlled intervention study
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Online implementation of mind sound resonance technique for stress-related psychological and physiological outcomes in female homemakers: a controlled study
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“A recent individual participant data meta-analysis of 13 trials conducted across eight countries (N = 2,371) reported that mindfulness-based programs produce small-to-moderate reductions in psychological distress [41].”
Addressing persistent symptoms in post-COVID condition: Through a multimodal intervention delivered in two technology-based formats
Ariza, M., Cano, N., Carnes, A., Gelonch, O., Plana, Y., Porras-García, B., López-Soley, E., Moron, S., Piñol‐Ripoll, G., Garolera, M., et al. (2026) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076261428205
“30 Mindfulness training in VR has been associated with signi ﬁ cant mindfulness improvements in individuals with mental health disorders, but not in those with chronic physical conditions.”
Pre–Post Changes Associated with Virtual Reality-Based Mindfulness in Reducing Work-Related Stress Among Corporate Employees
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Digital Prayer Beads: Adaptive Kinesthetic Mindfulness Device for Emotion Regulation and Stress Relief
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“While the beneficial effects of MBIs on adults are rigorously established through numerous meta-analyses and systematic reviews (Galante et al., 2023; Tan et al., 2022; Virgili, 2015), when it comes to children and adolescents, the results remain mixed.”
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“Meditation-based interventions (MBIs) have become widely recognized treatments for a range of mental and physical health conditions, with comparable efficacy to established psychological treatments [1-4].”
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Argungu, Z. M., Alhaiti, A. H., & Jibreel, E. A. (2026) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-026-02288-w
“These findings align with those of Galante et al. (2023), who reported similar effect sizes in their individual patient data meta-analysis of MBCT for relapse prevention in recurrent depression [58].”
Influential
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Ceylan, S., Buyrukoğlu, R. C., & Sevinç, A. M. (2026) · Turkish Journal of Family Practice · doi:10.54308/tjfp.2026.902
Psychosocial factors associated with engagement and efficacy of mindfulness intervention in the classroom
Siew, S. K. H., & Yu, J. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0352195

Mindfulness-based programmes for mental health promotion in adults in non-clinical settings: protocol of an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Galante, J., Friedrich, C., Dalgleish, T., White, I. R., & Jones, P. B. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058976 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mindfulness-based programmes for mental health promotion in adults in nonclinical settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Galante, J., Friedrich, C., Dawson, A. F., Modrego-Alarcón, M., Gebbing, P., Delgado-Suárez, I., Gupta, R., Dean, L., Dalgleish, T., White, I. R., et al. (2021) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003481 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Self-citation
OP62 Mindfulness-based programmes for mental health promotion in adults in non-clinical settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Galante, J., Friedrich, C., Dawson, A., Modrego‐Alarcón, M., Gebbing, P., Suárez, I., Gupta, R., Dean, L., Dalgleish, T., White, I. R., et al. (2020) · Oral Presentations · doi:10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.61
Self-citation
Individual participant data systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials assessing adult mindfulness-based programmes for mental health promotion in non-clinical settings
Galante, J. (2023) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · doi:10.17605/osf.io/etrx3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for psychological health and well-being in nonclinical samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Querstret, D., Morison, L., Dickinson, S., Cropley, M., & John, M. (2020) · International Journal of Stress Management · doi:10.1037/str0000165 · Cited by 315 · see citing works

Authors: Galante, J., Friedrich, C., Collaboration of Mindfulness Trials (CoMinT), Aeamla-Or, N., Arts-de Jong, M., Barrett, B., Bögels, S. M., Buitelaar, J. K., Checovich, M. M., Christopher, M. S., Davidson, R. J., Errazuriz, A., Goldberg, S. B., Greven, C. U., Hirshberg, M. J., Huang, S.-L., Hunsinger, M., Hwang, Y.-S., Jones, P. B., Medvedev, O. N., Rosenkranz, M. A., Schellekens, M. P. J., Siebelink, N. M., Singh, N. N., Speckens, A. E. M., Tang, F.-C., Tomfohr-Madsen, L., Dalgleish, T., Jones, P. B., & White, I. R.
Affiliations: The University of Melbourne (AU)
University of Cambridge (GB)
University of Phayao (TH)
University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
University of Amsterdam (NL)
Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
Pacific University Oregon (US)
Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (TW)
Australian Catholic University (AU)
University of Waikato (NZ)
Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
Augusta University (US)
Chaoyang University of Technology (TW)
MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL (GB)
Corresponding author: Galante, Julieta
ORCID: Galante, Julieta
Friedrich, Claire
Arts-de Jong, Marieke
Barrett, Bruce
Bögels, Susan M.
Buitelaar, Jan K.
Checovich, Mary M.
Christopher, Michael S.
Davidson, Richard J.
Errazuriz, Antonia
Goldberg, Simon B.
Greven, Corina U.
Hirshberg, Matthew J.
Huang, Shu-Ling
Hunsinger, Matthew
Hwang, Yoon-Suk
Medvedev, Oleg N.
Rosenkranz, Melissa A.
Schellekens, Melanie P. J.
Siebelink, Nienke M.
Singh, Nirbhay N.
Speckens, Anne E. M.
Tang, Feng-Cheng
Dalgleish, Tim
White, Ian R.
Venue: Nature Mental Health
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2023-07-10
Volume: 1
Issue: 7
Pages: 462-476
ISSN: 2731-6076 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1038/s44220-023-00081-5
PMC: PMC7615230
OpenAlex: W4383815381
Cited by: 113
References: 116
Citations by year: 2026: 43 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 9 · 2021: 1
FWCI: 5.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (vor)
Locations: Nature Mental Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Research portal (Tilburg University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Research Commons (University of Waikato) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Greater South Information System
Funders: DH | National Institute for Health Research (PDF-2017-10-018, BRC-1215-20014, NA)
Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (K23AT010879)
Hope for Depression Research Foundation
RCUK | Medical Research Council (SUAG/043 G101400, MR/N019067/1, MC_UU_00004/06)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords: mental health promotion, psychological distress, anxiety, depression, non-clinical adults, community-based intervention, teacher-led intervention, effect modification, trait mindfulness, gender differences, age and education effects, heterogeneous effects

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Systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing mindfulness-based programs for mental health promotion

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