14C Record and Wiggle-Match Placement for the Anatolian (Gordion Area) Juniper Tree-Ring Chronology ~1729 to 751 Cal BC, and Typical Aegean/Anatolian (Growing Season Related) Regional 14C Offset Assessment
Open accessAbstract
The East Mediterranean Radiocarbon (inter-)Comparison Project (EMRCP) has measured the 14C ages of a number of sets of tree rings from the Gordion Area dendrochronology from central Anatolia at the Heidelberg Radiocarbon Laboratory. In several cases, multiple measurements were made over a period from the 1980s to 2009. This paper presents the final data set from this work (128 high-precision measurements), and considers (i) the relationship of these data against the standard Northern Hemisphere 14C calibration data set (IntCal09), and (ii) the optimum calendar dating of this floating tree-ring record on the basis of the final set of high-precision 14C data. It finds good agreement between the Anatolian data and IntCal09 in some important intervals (e.g. ∼1729 to 1350 cal BC) and observes one period (9th–8th centuries BC) where there appears to be some indication of a regional/growing season signal, and another period (later 14th–13th centuries BC) where IntCal09 may not best reflect the real 14C record. The scale of the typical growing-season-related regional 14C offset (ΔR) between the Aegean/Anatolian region and IntCal09 is also assessed (for the mid-2nd millennium BC and mid-2nd millennium AD), and found to be usually minor (at times where there are no major additional forcing factors and/or issues with the IntCal09 data set): of the order of 2–4 ± 2–4 yr.
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Additional data included in IntCal13 reduce somewhat small discrepancies noted previously with respect to the Gordion dataset.
“additional data included in IntCal13 reduce somewhat small discrepancies noted previously with respect to the Gordion dataset [40, 65].”
From Integrated Tree-Ring-Radiocarbon High-Resolution Timeframe to Resolve Earlier Second Millennium BCE Mesopotamian Chronology (2016) · cites this paper as [40]
The section “Comparison of the Gordion 14 C Time Series Versus IntCal09” (page unavailable) reports discrepancies between the Gordion data and IntCal09, including outliers and an offset. It does not assess IntCal13 or show that additional data reduced those discrepancies. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRadiocarbon measurements on wood from Turkish pine usually show no apparent offset in the periods of reversals and plateaus in the 14C calibration record identified in the Jordanian juniper time series (~1685 to 1762 CE and 1818 to 1912 CE).
“Radiocarbon measurements on wood from these trees (19, 27) thus usually show no apparent offset in the periods of reversals and plateaus in the 14C calibration record that were identified in the Jordanian juniper time series (~1685 to 1762 CE and 1818 to 1912 CE) (Fig. 1A) (18).”
From Mediterranean radiocarbon offsets and calendar dates for prehistory (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
The Aegean offset section (Figure 13 and Table 7; page unavailable) reports Turkish-pine measurements from AD 1300–1800 and a very small overall offset from IntCal09. This supports the general point and covers 1685–1762, but the paper does not measure the 1818–1912 interval or assess the specified Jordanian-juniper reversals and plateaus. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe GOR juniper chronology can be near-absolutely dated via 14C "wiggle matching," with the midpoint of the first dated tree ring block placed ~3686 cal B.P. (1737 BCE) versus IntCal04 and IntCal98, or 1 year earlier against IntCal13.
“The latter can be near-absolutely dated via 14C “wiggle matching” (39) (with instances of dates on the very same tree rings combined as weighted averages), with the midpoint of the first dated tree ring block placed ~3686 cal B.P. (1737 BCE) versus IntCal04 and IntCal98 (Fig. 1B) (27) or 1 year earlier against IntCal13.”
From Mediterranean radiocarbon offsets and calendar dates for prehistory (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
The comparison section reports wiggle-match runs placing the midpoint of the first dated block (ring 776.5) at 1737 BCE against IntCal04 and, in one run, IntCal98. The Conclusions support near-absolute dating but give the paper’s preferred placement as about 1729 BCE; the earlier full-series fits had poor agreement. Our copy does not report an IntCal13 comparison or its claimed one-year shift. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA tree-ring time series of seven weighted average OxA AMS 14C dates on an oak sample from Miletus in low-elevation western Anatolia offers a close fit to the LLGPC-source IntCal curve, with an OxCal ΔR 0,10 value versus IntCal09 of 4.0 ± 8.3 14C years.
“A tree-ring time series comprising seven weighted average OxA AMS 14C dates on an oak sample from Miletus in low-elevation western Anatolia offers a close fit to the LLGPC-source IntCal curve (27), with an OxCal ΔR 0,10 value versus IntCal09 (μ ± σ) of only 4.0 ± 8.3 14C years.”
From Mediterranean radiocarbon offsets and calendar dates for prehistory (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe Gordion Juniperus spp. chronology is well-established and near-absolutely placed in time.
“The Gordion (GOR) Juniperus spp. chronology is likewise well-established and near-absolutely placed in time [22, 23, 31, 40, 41].”
From Integrated Tree-Ring-Radiocarbon High-Resolution Timeframe to Resolve Earlier Second Millennium BCE Mesopotamian Chronology (2016) · cites this paper as [40]
No substantive regional 14C offset was identified for these timbers across the relevant time period, consistent with findings for the second millennium BCE previously reported for central Anatolia from Gordion.
“No substantive offset was identified for these timbers across the relevant time period consistent with findings for the second millennium BCE previously reported for central Anatolia from Gordion [40].”
From Integrated Tree-Ring-Radiocarbon High-Resolution Timeframe to Resolve Earlier Second Millennium BCE Mesopotamian Chronology (2016) · cites this paper as [40]
If the previously published crossdates and positions were correct, then all the chronologies should yield approximately the same calendar age ranges for RY776; they do not.
“If the previously published crossdates and positions were correct (e.g. [21–23, 31, 40, 41]), then all the chronologies should yield approximately the same calendar age ranges for RY776. They do not.”
From Integrated Tree-Ring-Radiocarbon High-Resolution Timeframe to Resolve Earlier Second Millennium BCE Mesopotamian Chronology (2016) · cites this paper as [40]
The 14C dates and dendrochronology of the Gordion time series employed is published.
“The 14C dates and dendrochronology of the Gordion time series employed is published5,10,37–39,64.”
From Radiocarbon offsets and old world chronology as relevant to Mesopotamia, Egypt, Anatolia and Thera (Santorini) (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
The link between the MBA chronology and the Gordion chronology is problematic at best, resulting from an attempt to connect the two via a dendrochronological bridge, a Juniperus spp. chronology from Porsuk.
“But the link between the MBA chronology and the Gordion chronology is problematic at best, resulting from an attempt to connect the two via a dendrochronological ‘bridge’, a Juniperus spp. chronology from Porsuk (POR) (southeast Anatolia) [21–23, 31, 40, 42].”
From Integrated Tree-Ring-Radiocarbon High-Resolution Timeframe to Resolve Earlier Second Millennium BCE Mesopotamian Chronology (2016) · cites this paper as [40]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says the Gordion chronology is floating because it does not link to an absolutely dated tree-ring series. Our copy does not address a link between the MBA and Gordion chronologies or a Porsuk dendrochronological bridge (searched: Porsuk, MBA chronology, and bridge). (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe wiggle-match of the 14C ages and the MBA tree-ring chronology indicates a precise placement for the MBA chronology likely ~13-16 years earlier than previously suggested on the basis of the withdrawn and non-secure dendrochronological crossdates with the Porsuk chronology.
“The wiggle-match of the 14C ages and the MBA tree-ring chronology (Figs 4–6, Table 2) indicates a precise placement for the MBA chronology likely ~13–16 years earlier than previously suggested [22, 23, 40] on the basis of the withdrawn and non-secure dendrochronological crossdates with the Porsuk chronology (Fig 7).”
From Integrated Tree-Ring-Radiocarbon High-Resolution Timeframe to Resolve Earlier Second Millennium BCE Mesopotamian Chronology (2016) · cites this paper as [40]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 2 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Cites
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Manning, S. W., Kromer, B., Bronk Ramsey, C., Pearson, C. L., Talamo, S., Trano, N., & Watkins, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Curt Engelhorn Centre Archaeometry (DE)
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Manning, Sturt W
- Venue
- Radiocarbon
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1571-1597
- ISSN
- 0033-8222 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-5755
- OpenAlex
- W150228915
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Radiocarbon (publishedVersion)
- UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) (acceptedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Institute for Aegean Prehistory
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Tree-ring climate responses
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Keywords
- Gordion, Anatolia, radiocarbon calibration, wiggle matching, floating chronology, Aegean Sea, 2nd millennium BC
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