Cited by 1,030Food composition and propertiesPhytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesNutritional Studies and Diet

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New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre?

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Fardet, Anthony·2010·Nutrition Research Reviews

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Abstract

Epidemiological studies have clearly shown that whole-grain cereals can protect against obesity, diabetes, CVD and cancers. The specific effects of food structure (increased satiety, reduced transit time and glycaemic response), fibre (improved faecal bulking and satiety, viscosity and SCFA production, and/or reduced glycaemic response) and Mg (better glycaemic homeostasis through increased insulin secretion), together with the antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties of numerous bioactive compounds, especially those in the bran and germ (minerals, trace elements, vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols and alkylresorcinols), are today well-recognised mechanisms in this protection. Recent findings, the exhaustive listing of bioactive compounds found in whole-grain wheat, their content in whole-grain, bran and germ fractions and their estimated bioavailability, have led to new hypotheses. The involvement of polyphenols in cell signalling and gene regulation, and of sulfur compounds, lignin and phytic acid should be considered in antioxidant protection. Whole-grain wheat is also a rich source of methyl donors and lipotropes (methionine, betaine, choline, inositol and folates) that may be involved in cardiovascular and/or hepatic protection, lipid metabolism and DNA methylation. Potential protective effects of bound phenolic acids within the colon, of the B-complex vitamins on the nervous system and mental health, of oligosaccharides as prebiotics, of compounds associated with skeleton health, and of other compounds such as α-linolenic acid, policosanol, melatonin, phytosterols and para-aminobenzoic acid also deserve to be studied in more depth. Finally, benefits of nutrigenomics to study complex physiological effects of the ‘whole-grain package’, and the most promising ways for improving the nutritional quality of cereal products are discussed.

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Triticuside A, a Dietary Flavonoid, Inhibits Proliferation of Human Breast Cancer Cells Via Inducing Apoptosis
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Functional and Nutritional Characteristics of Wheat Grown in Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems
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Effect of Germination Processing on Bioactive Compounds of Cereals and Legumes
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Quality Evaluation of Fresh Pasta Fortified with Sourdough Containing Wheat Germ and Wholemeal Semolina
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The Effect of Rye-Based Foods on Postprandial Plasma Insulin Concentration: The Rye Factor
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“bran, germ and endosperm, and have a higher content of vitamins, minerals and fiber, along with phytochemicals, such as lignans, alkylresorcinols, sterols and phenolic acids, as compared to their refined grain counterparts (Fardet, 2010).”
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Application of the QUENCHER methodology to the food industry
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“2 Impact of granulometry on TEAC The QUENCHER methodology is especially relevant on cereal-based matrices, for which the major part of phenolic acids are chemically bound to the dietary fiber polysaccharides (Fardet, 2010).”
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Types of Carbohydrates Intake during Pregnancy and Frequency of a Small for Gestational Age Newborn: A Case-Control Study
Amezcua‐Prieto, C., Martínez‐Galiano, J. M., Ibáñez, N. C., Olmedo‐Requena, R., Bueno‐Cavanillas, A., & Delgado‐Rodríguez, M. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11030523 · Cited by 14
Potato product form impacts in vitro starch digestibility and glucose transport but only modestly impacts 24 h blood glucose response in humans
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Evaluation of bioactive compounds in cereals. Study of wheat, barley, oat and selected grain products
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“Therefore, the socalled “white” bread flours (wheat and rye) are less valuable from the point of view of human nutrition (Fardet, 2010; Gąsiorowski and Abdalla, 2004; Khan, 2009; Zieliński et al., 2012).”
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Observations on the Malting of Ancient Wheats: Einkorn, Emmer and Spelt
Fujita, A., Şimşek, Ş., & Schwarz, P. B. (2020) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation6040125 · Cited by 13
Optimization of germination of white sorghum by response surface methodology for preparing porridges with biological potential
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“…the cereal group is characterized by a moderate total phenolic compound content (<1.0 mg GAE/g) (Deng et al., 2012), but it is relevant to consider that the synergistic action of the compounds mainly contained in the bran and germ of cereals could act as protective agents (Fardet, 2010; Liu, 2007).”
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Donner un nouvel avenir au pain dans le cadre d’une alimentation durable et préventive
Rémésy, C., Leenhardt, F., & Fardet, A. (2014) · Cahiers de Nutrition et de Diététique · doi:10.1016/j.cnd.2014.07.005 · Cited by 13
“Or, le grain de blé a la particularité d’accumuler dans le son et le germe les trois quarts de ses fibres, minéraux et vitamines [8].”
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Vitale, M., Hanhineva, K., Koistinen, V., Auriola, S. O. K., Paananen, J., Costabile, G., Pepa, G. D., Rivellese, A. A., Riccardi, G., & Giacco, R. (2020) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.022 · Cited by 12
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Chateigner‐Boutin, A., & Saulnier, L. (2022) · Advances in botanical research · doi:10.1016/bs.abr.2022.03.005 · Cited by 13
“Potato”—Powerhouse for Many Nutrients
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Influence of Agronomic Practices on the Antioxidant Compounds of Pigmented Wheat (Triticum aestivum spp. aestivum L.) and Tritordeum (× Tritordeum martinii A. Pujadas, nothosp. nov.) Genotypes
Sardella, C., Burešová, B., Kotíková, Z., Martinek, P., Meloni, R., Paznocht, L., Vanara, F., & Blandino, M. (2023) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02592 · Cited by 12
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“Furthermore, OHs are rich sources of insoluble DF that and are highly lignified (Bach Knudsen, 1997), and lignin acts as a resin or a bile salt-sequestrating agent by reducing reabsorption of gastrointestinal BA (Fardet, 2010).”
Background
Integrated transcriptional and metabolomics signature pattern of pigmented wheat to insight the seed pigmentation and other associated features
Sharma, S., Kumar, A., Singh, D., Kumari, A., Kapoor, P., Kaur, S., Sheoran, B., & Garg, M. (2022) · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.008 · Cited by 12
Bioactive Compounds in Whole Grains and Their Implications for Health
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The Nutritional Applications of Quinoa Seeds
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Vitamins and Minerals: A Review on Processing Losses and Strategies to Control It
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Combining bran-enrichment with sugar replacement in biscuits enables the flexible use of a sustainable and fibre-rich by-product
Renzetti, S., & van der Sman, R. G. M. (2023) · Food Hydrocolloids · doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.109226 · Cited by 11
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A Scoping Review of the Causal Pathways and Biological Mechanisms Linking Nutrition Exposures and Health Outcomes
Machado, P. P., McNaughton, S. A., Wingrove, K., Stephens, L. D., Baker, P., & Lawrence, M. A. (2024) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-024-00591-3 · Cited by 13
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“The dietary antioxidants found in whole grain cereals, such as minerals, trace elements, vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols, alkylresorcinols, betaine, choline, sulfur amino acids, phytic acid, lignans, and avenanthramides, are mainly concentrated in the bran and germ layers [41].”
Influence of rye flour enzymatic biotransformation on the antioxidant capacity and transepithelial transport of phenolic acids
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“It is generally recognized that the synergistic action of compounds mainly present in the bran and germ fractions of cereals accounts for the protective effects of WG products (FARDET, 2010; LIU, 2007).”
Background
Caryocar brasiliense pulp increases serum HDL and reduces hepatic lipid accumulation in rats fed a high fat diet
Teixeira, T. N., Esteves, E. A., Oliveira, L. G., Oliveira, M. L. P., Santana, R. C., Nisia, Pinto, R. V. D., & Rodrigues, A. P. (2013) · Journal of Medicinal Plants Research · doi:10.5897/jmpr12.1100 · Cited by 11
Development of Lipophilic Antioxidants and Chloroplasts during the Sprouting of Diverse Triticum spp.
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Crop management and variety have influence on alkylresolcinol content in triticale grain
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“They also exhibit strong antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity (Fardet 2010).”
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Can wheat germ have a beneficial effect on human health? A study protocol for a randomised crossover controlled trial to evaluate its health effects
Moreira-Rosário, A., Pinheiro, H., Calhau, C., & Azevedo, L. F. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013098 · Cited by 13
Prediagnosis plasma concentrations of enterolactone and survival after colorectal cancer: the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort
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Fermented Malt Beverages and Their Biomedicinal Health Potential: Classification, Composition, Processing, and Bio-Functional Properties
Alu'datt, M. H., Rababah, T., Alhamad, M. N., Gammoh, S., Alkhaldy, H. A., Al-Mahasneh, M. A., Tranchant, C. C., Kubow, S. J., & Masadeh, N. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815271-3.00009-9 · Cited by 11

Authors: Fardet, A.
Affiliations: Unité de Nutrition Humaine (FR)
Corresponding author: Fardet, Anthony
ORCID: Fardet, Anthony
Venue: Nutrition Research Reviews
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2010-06
Volume: 23
Issue: 1
Pages: 65-134
ISSN: 0954-4224 (ISSN-L)
1475-2700
DOI: 10.1017/s0954422410000041
OpenAlex: W2167433110
Cited by: 1,030
References: 1,031
Citations by year: 2026: 34 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 78 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 45
FWCI: 5.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 21 d)
Locations: Nutrition Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Lunds Universitet
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords: whole grain cereals, whole wheat, dietary fiber, magnesium, bioactive compounds, polyphenols, sulfur compounds, lignin, phytic acid, methyl donors, DNA methylation, prebiotics, oligosaccharides, bound phenolic acids, B vitamins, nutrigenomics, obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cancer prevention
MeSH terms: Antioxidants, Blood Glucose, Cardiovascular Diseases, Edible Grain, Diabetes Mellitus, Dietary Fiber, Flavonoids, Gastrointestinal Motility, Health Promotion, Humans, Lignin, Neoplasms, Obesity, Phenols, Phytic Acid, Satiation, Sulfur Compounds, Anticarcinogenic Agents, Butyric Acid, Polyphenols

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New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre?

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