Cited by 1,030Food composition and propertiesPhytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesNutritional Studies and Diet

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New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre?

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Fardet, Anthony·2010·Nutrition Research Reviews

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Abstract

Epidemiological studies have clearly shown that whole-grain cereals can protect against obesity, diabetes, CVD and cancers. The specific effects of food structure (increased satiety, reduced transit time and glycaemic response), fibre (improved faecal bulking and satiety, viscosity and SCFA production, and/or reduced glycaemic response) and Mg (better glycaemic homeostasis through increased insulin secretion), together with the antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties of numerous bioactive compounds, especially those in the bran and germ (minerals, trace elements, vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols and alkylresorcinols), are today well-recognised mechanisms in this protection. Recent findings, the exhaustive listing of bioactive compounds found in whole-grain wheat, their content in whole-grain, bran and germ fractions and their estimated bioavailability, have led to new hypotheses. The involvement of polyphenols in cell signalling and gene regulation, and of sulfur compounds, lignin and phytic acid should be considered in antioxidant protection. Whole-grain wheat is also a rich source of methyl donors and lipotropes (methionine, betaine, choline, inositol and folates) that may be involved in cardiovascular and/or hepatic protection, lipid metabolism and DNA methylation. Potential protective effects of bound phenolic acids within the colon, of the B-complex vitamins on the nervous system and mental health, of oligosaccharides as prebiotics, of compounds associated with skeleton health, and of other compounds such as α-linolenic acid, policosanol, melatonin, phytosterols and para-aminobenzoic acid also deserve to be studied in more depth. Finally, benefits of nutrigenomics to study complex physiological effects of the ‘whole-grain package’, and the most promising ways for improving the nutritional quality of cereal products are discussed.

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Whole Grain Compared with Refined Wheat Decreases the Percentage of Body Fat Following a 12-Week, Energy-Restricted Dietary Intervention in Postmenopausal Women
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“In contrast to refined grain products comprising mainly the endosperm, whole-grain foods are rich in a number of vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers, and phytochemicals, which are proposed to be responsible for the healthpromoting effects (7,8).”
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Association between carbohydrate quality and inflammatory markers: systematic review of observational and interventional studies
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Anti-hypertensive Effect of Cereal Antioxidant Ferulic Acid and Its Mechanism of Action
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A whole-grain cereal-rich diet increases plasma betaine, and tends to decrease total and LDL-cholesterol compared with a refined-grain diet in healthy subjects
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Variation of serum metabolites related to habitual diet: a targeted metabolomic approach in EPIC-Potsdam
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Characterization of the Degree of Food Processing in Relation With Its Health Potential and Effects
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Self-citation
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Alternative Dietary Fiber Sources in Companion Animal Nutrition
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Sugar Cane and Sugar Beet Molasses, Antioxidant-rich Alternatives to Refined Sugar
Valli, V., Gómez‐Caravaca, A. M., Nunzio, M. D., Danesi, F., Caboni, M. F., & Bordoni, A. (2012) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf304416d · Cited by 122
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Whole Grain Intake and Glycaemic Control in Healthy Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
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Processing of oat: the impact on oat's cholesterol lowering effect
Grundy, M. M.-L., Fardet, A., Tosh, S. M., Rich, G. T., & Wilde, P. J. (2018) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c7fo02006f · Cited by 127
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Toll-Like Receptor 2 Activation by β2→1-Fructans Protects Barrier Function of T84 Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells in a Chain Length–Dependent Manner
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Natural Phytochemicals as Novel Therapeutic Strategies to Prevent and Treat Parkinson’s Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives
Balakrishnan, R., Azam, S., Cho, D.-Y., Su-Kim, I., & Choi, D. (2021) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2021/6680935 · Cited by 117
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Wheat Alkylresorcinols Suppress High-Fat, High-Sucrose Diet-Induced Obesity and Glucose Intolerance by Increasing Insulin Sensitivity and Cholesterol Excretion in Male Mice
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“However, the nature of the positive physiologic effects exerted by whole-grain products remains unresolved because of the massive numbers of implicated phytochemicals and their potential biological effects (8).”
Background

Authors: Fardet, A.
Affiliations: Unité de Nutrition Humaine (FR)
Corresponding author: Fardet, Anthony
ORCID: Fardet, Anthony
Venue: Nutrition Research Reviews
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2010-06
Volume: 23
Issue: 1
Pages: 65-134
ISSN: 0954-4224 (ISSN-L)
1475-2700
DOI: 10.1017/s0954422410000041
OpenAlex: W2167433110
Cited by: 1,030
References: 1,031
Citations by year: 2026: 34 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 78 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 45
FWCI: 5.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 21 d)
Locations: Nutrition Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Lunds Universitet
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords: whole grain cereals, whole wheat, dietary fiber, magnesium, bioactive compounds, polyphenols, sulfur compounds, lignin, phytic acid, methyl donors, DNA methylation, prebiotics, oligosaccharides, bound phenolic acids, B vitamins, nutrigenomics, obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cancer prevention
MeSH terms: Antioxidants, Blood Glucose, Cardiovascular Diseases, Edible Grain, Diabetes Mellitus, Dietary Fiber, Flavonoids, Gastrointestinal Motility, Health Promotion, Humans, Lignin, Neoplasms, Obesity, Phenols, Phytic Acid, Satiation, Sulfur Compounds, Anticarcinogenic Agents, Butyric Acid, Polyphenols

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New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre?

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