Cited by 1,081Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentEarly Childhood Education and DevelopmentAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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Early externalizing behavior problems: Toddlers and preschoolers at risk for later maladjustment

CAMPBELL, SUSAN B., SHAW, DANIEL S., GILLIOM, MILES·2000·Development and Psychopathology

DOI 10.1017/s0954579400003114

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Abstract

The early emergence and developmental implications of externalizing behavior problems in toddlers and preschoolers are discussed with an emphasis on which young children are truly at risk for continuing problems. The extant literature is reviewed with a focus on the stability of early externalizing behavior and the diverse pathways that young children, primarily boys, with early-emerging problems may follow. Findings from a number of studies, both epidemiological and high risk, suggest that the small subgroup of boys with multiple risk factors that include especially high levels of early hyperactivity and aggression, and high levels of negative parenting and family stress, are most likely to evidence continuing problems at school entry. Sociodemographic and neighborhood influences are also discussed, as are implications for future research and policy.

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Background
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Vishnyakova, E., Vishnyakova, O. D., Minyar-Beloroucheva, A. P., & Sergienko, P. I. (2020) · International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.01001v · Cited by 2
Promoting Positive Teacher-Child Interactions Through Implementation of a Social Emotional Learning Curriculum with Performance Feedback
Barker, E. S. (2015) · ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/6771041.0 · Cited by 2
The Family Check‐Up
Gill, A. M., Dishion, T. J., & Shaw, D. S. (2014) · Well Being · doi:10.1002/9781118539415.wbwell017 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Children's attentional and behavioral persistence and the development of externalizing behavior problems: A process oriented perspective spanning early childhood through the school -age years
Chang, H. (2009) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · Cited by 2
Group Triple P- Positive Parenting Program: Pre-Post Examination of Parent and Child Outcomes, Externalizing Behaviour as a Moderator, and Characteristics of Program Drop Outs
Jones, J. (2014) · Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor) · Cited by 2
Five-year Development of Psychopathology in Young People with Intellectual Disabilities
de Ruiter, K. P. (2013) · Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) · Cited by 2
Parenting During Toddlerhood: Determinants, Stability and Consequences
Verhoeven, J. C. (2003) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · Cited by 2
The relationship between early attachment and adolescent risky behaviors with changes in loneliness in a mediating role.
Tong, S. S. (2013) · ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository (University of Louisville) · doi:10.18297/etd/1449 · Cited by 3
“Campbell, Shaw, and Gilliom (2000) reviewed several studies focused on the developmental progression of risk for behavior problems from early development to psychopathology in later childhood.”
Background
Translational Issues in the Development and Prevention of Children's Early Conduct Problems
Shaw, D. S. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119466864.ch8 · Cited by 2
“…were related to school-age conduct problems, cluster analysis was used to identify groups of families who shared characteristics across four domains: child characteristics, maternal parenting behavior, family context, and sociodemographic characteristics (Campbell et al., 2000; Shaw et al., 2000).”
MethodResultSelf-citation
REFERENCES
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Bullying and victimization: The role of parenting and childhood behavior across time
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Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms and MOXO-d-CPT Parameters in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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Impact of Mother Attachment on the Psychological Immunity among girl students studying at Senior Secondary level
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Diverging Trajectories of Child Externalizing Behavior by Family Economic Status at Birth: The Mediating Role of Neighborhood Poverty
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“…peak in early childhood, when children lack adequate communication, self-regulation, and problem-solving skills, and tend to decrease into adolescence, though they may rise again during teenage years (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1978; Campbell et al., 2000; Duncan & Magnuson, 2011; Ellis et al., 2012).”
Parental experience of change following VIPP-SD in families with preschool children with externalizing behavior: A qualitative interview study
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Moderating Role of Race/Ethnicity on Associations Between Externalizing Behavior Ratings and School Suspensions
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“…developmental science has provided ample evidence that behaviors typically classified as externalizing problems often stem from contextual factors, such as family stressors and income volatility (Campbell et al., 2000; López-Romero et al., 2015; Marcynyszyn et al., 2008; Miller et al., 2021).”
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“…inspiring efforts to understand moderators that account for multiﬁnality in paths unfolding from early difﬁculty (Brock & Kochanska, 2019; Campbell, Shaw, & Gilliom, 2000; Deater-Deckard, Ivy, & Petrill, 2006; Kim & Kochanska, 2015; Kochanska et al., 2019; Lansford, 2022;…”
Lern- und Verhaltensstörungen
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“However, since the mid-1990s, this focus has shifted toward the view that the relationship between environmental factors and the child is a reciprocal process in which the child plays an active role (Campbell et al., 2000).”
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Authors: CAMPBELL, S. B., SHAW, D. S., & GILLIOM, M.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
ORCID: SHAW, DANIEL S.
Venue: Development and Psychopathology
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2000-09
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Pages: 467-488
ISSN: 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
1469-2198
DOI: 10.1017/s0954579400003114
OpenAlex: W2149804058
Cited by: 1,081
References: 92
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 62
FWCI: 13.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Public Health Service (32735, 50907)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Keywords: externalizing problems, toddlers, preschool children, aggression, negative parenting, family stress, developmental pathways, boys, school entry, sociodemographic risk factors, neighborhood effects
MeSH terms: Adjustment Disorders, Age Factors, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Time Factors

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Early externalizing behavior problems: Toddlers and preschoolers at risk for later maladjustment

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