Cited by 1,081Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentEarly Childhood Education and DevelopmentAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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Early externalizing behavior problems: Toddlers and preschoolers at risk for later maladjustment

CAMPBELL, SUSAN B., SHAW, DANIEL S., GILLIOM, MILES·2000·Development and Psychopathology

DOI 10.1017/s0954579400003114

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Abstract

The early emergence and developmental implications of externalizing behavior problems in toddlers and preschoolers are discussed with an emphasis on which young children are truly at risk for continuing problems. The extant literature is reviewed with a focus on the stability of early externalizing behavior and the diverse pathways that young children, primarily boys, with early-emerging problems may follow. Findings from a number of studies, both epidemiological and high risk, suggest that the small subgroup of boys with multiple risk factors that include especially high levels of early hyperactivity and aggression, and high levels of negative parenting and family stress, are most likely to evidence continuing problems at school entry. Sociodemographic and neighborhood influences are also discussed, as are implications for future research and policy.

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“In addition, the long-term stability of child behavior problems (Campbell et al., 2000; NICHD ECCRN, 2004; Shaw et al., 1994, 2003) may in part be accounted for by exposure to negative parenting by both parents.”
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InfluentialSelf-citation
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“…and the connections among them are thought to in ﬂ uence whether or not children's behavior improves as they learn to engage in more positive and less negative ways of interacting with others, or alternatively persist into middle childhood and even later (Campbell et al., 2000; Mof ﬁ t, 1993).”
Children's intellectual and emotional-behavioral adjustment at 4 years as a function of cocaine exposure, maternal characteristics, and environmental risk.
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Authors: CAMPBELL, S. B., SHAW, D. S., & GILLIOM, M.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
ORCID: SHAW, DANIEL S.
Venue: Development and Psychopathology
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2000-09
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Pages: 467-488
ISSN: 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
1469-2198
DOI: 10.1017/s0954579400003114
OpenAlex: W2149804058
Cited by: 1,081
References: 92
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 62
FWCI: 13.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Public Health Service (32735, 50907)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Keywords: externalizing problems, toddlers, preschool children, aggression, negative parenting, family stress, developmental pathways, boys, school entry, sociodemographic risk factors, neighborhood effects
MeSH terms: Adjustment Disorders, Age Factors, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Time Factors

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Early externalizing behavior problems: Toddlers and preschoolers at risk for later maladjustment

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