Cited by 1,669Crime Patterns and InterventionsPsychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual OffendingChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Childhood predictors differentiate life-course persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways among males and females

MOFFITT, TERRIE E., CASPI, AVSHALOM·2001·Development and Psychopathology

DOI 10.1017/s0954579401002097

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Abstract

This article reports a comparison on childhood risk factors of males and females exhibiting childhood-onset and adolescent-onset antisocial behavior, using data from the Dunedin longitudinal study. Childhood-onset delinquents had childhoods of inadequate parenting, neurocognitive problems, and temperament and behavior problems, whereas adolescent-onset delinquents did not have these pathological backgrounds. Sex comparisons showed a male-to-female ratio of 10:1 for childhood-onset delinquency but a sex ratio of only 1.5:1 for adolescence-onset delinquency. Showing the same pattern as males, childhood-onset females had high-risk backgrounds but adolescent-onset females did not. These findings are consistent with core predictions from the taxonomic theory of life-course persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial behavior.

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de Boer, S. B. B., Boon, A. E., Verheij, F., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Forensic Mental Health · doi:10.1080/14999013.2012.760183 · Cited by 9
“Members of the AL group were convicted of non-violent crimes more often (Moffitt & Caspi, 2001), although both groups did not differ on participation in self-reported property crimes (e.g., theft, vandalism) or rule violations (e.g., driving without a license, public drunkenness) (Moffitt et al.,…”
BackgroundInfluential
Disentangling two underlying processes in the initial phase of substance use: Onset and frequency of use in adolescent smoking
Otten, R., van Lier, P. A. C., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2010) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.10.003 · Cited by 9
“Increasing smoking frequency may be indicative for development of a smoking addiction, for which inadequate parenting has been considered a childhood factor (Moffitt & Caspi, 2001).”
Background
Secular trends in the mental health of primary school children
McArdle, P., Prosser, J., Dickinson, H. O., & Kolvin, I. (2003) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0790966700007631 · Cited by 9
A preliminary empirical evaluation of KooLKIDS: A school-based program to reduce early onset antisocial behaviour in children
Carroll, A., O’Connor, E. S., Houghton, S. J., Hattie, J., Donovan, C. L., & Lynn, S. (2016) · Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability · doi:10.3109/13668250.2016.1190004 · Cited by 9
“Such intervention requires therapeutic programs, which include addressing the behavioural problems of these children and reconnecting them with the school system (Moffitt & Caspi, 2001).”
Background
Adult Life Adjustment of Vulnerable Youths. The Relationship Between Criminal History, Employment History and Adult Life Outcomes
Verbruggen, J., GEEST, V. R. V. D., & BLOKLAND, A. A. J. (2016) · Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology · doi:10.1007/s40865-016-0040-7 · Cited by 9
“[38]), which further reduces their long-term life chances.”
How far does the apple fall from the tree? Maternal delinquency and sex-specific patterns of offspring delinquent behavior
Connolly, E. J., Schwartz, J. A., Jackson, D. B., & Beaver, K. M. (2017) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.12.004 · Cited by 9
Bedeutung von Androgenen für externalisierende Verhaltensauffälligkeiten Jugendlicher
Maras, A., Laucht, M., Lewicka, S., Haack, D., Malisova, L., & Schmidt, M. H. (2003) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917.31.1.7 · Cited by 9
The Neurobiology of Offending Behavior in Adolescence
Fairchild, G. F., & Smaragdi, A. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118650868.ch16 · Cited by 9
Delinquent Peers and Delinquency: Findings From a Longitudinal Study of Youth
Kim, J., & Lee, Y. (2023) · The British Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1093/bjc/azad007 · Cited by 10
Technology-Based Interventions for Preventing Youth Violence: A Systematic Review of Programs, Tools, and Evidence
Esposito, C., Masi, F. D., Dragone, M., & Bacchini, D. (2023) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-023-00222-y · Cited by 9
“This is consistent with the fact that aggression generally tends to increase and reach its peak during pre-adolescent and adolescent years (Dodge & Pettit, 2003; Moffitt & Caspi, 2001).”
Adolescent delinquency: The role of early childhood exposure to intimate partner violence
Cheung, S., & Huang, C. (2023) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12949 · Cited by 12
The Impact of Gender and Culture in Consumer Behavior
Ng, S., Bharti, M., & Faust, N. T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108561716.021 · Cited by 9
Suicide, violence, and schizophrenia
Rogers, T., & Fahy, T. (2008) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.mppsy.2008.08.010 · Cited by 8
Comportamiento antisocial durante la adolescencia: teoría, investigación y programas de prevención
Herrera, D., & Córdova, H. M. (2005) · Revista de Psicología · doi:10.18800/psico.200502.005 · Cited by 11
“Estos dos caminos parecen ser similares entre hombres y mujeres (Moffitt & Caspi, 2001), aunque algunos estudios son consistentes en señalar un mejor ajuste del modelo a muestras de adolescentes varones.”
Background
Psychopathic traits mediate the association of serotonin transporter genotype and child externalizing behavior
Brammer, W. A., Jezior, K. L., & Lee, S. S. (2016) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21642 · Cited by 10
“Beyond genetic influences, there are reliable sex differences in externalizing behavior (Lahey et al., 2006; Moffitt & Caspi, 2001) and an emergent literature with respect to psychopathic traits (Cale & Lilienfeld, 2002; Viding, Simmonds, Petrides, & Frederickson, 2009).”
Background
Aggressive behavior in a sample of Bucaramanga student, Colombia/Conducta agresiva en una muestra de estudiantes de tres colegios de la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Colombia
Pacheco, J. R., Briceño, M. L., & Rangel, K. J. (1970) · Revista Encuentros · doi:10.15665/re.v14i1.667 · Cited by 8
The Interplay Between Neuropsychological Deficits and Adverse Parenting in the Prediction of Adolescent Misconduct
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From Maltreatment to Delinquency: Service Trajectories After a First Intervention of Child Protection Services
Laurier, C., Hélie, S., Pineau-Villeneuve, C., & Royer, M.-N. (2016) · Journal of Public Child Welfare · doi:10.1080/15548732.2016.1209147 · Cited by 9
“It has thus been demonstrated many times over that early behavioral problems are predictors of aggravation and diversification of future delinquency (Craig, Petrunka, &Khan, 2011; Fréchette & Le Blanc, 1987;Moffitt & Caspi, 2001).”
BackgroundInfluential
Risk Factors and Youth Recidivism Prediction in General and Property Offenders
García-Gomis, A., Villanueva, L., & Jiménez, P. J. (2016) · Psychiatry Psychology and Law · doi:10.1080/13218719.2016.1247419 · Cited by 8
Associations between peer attachment and neural correlates of risk processing across adolescence
Asscheman, J. S., Deater-Deckard, K. D., Lauharatanahirun, N., van Lier, P. A. C., Koot, S., King‐Casas, B., & Kim‐Spoon, J. (2020) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100772 · Cited by 11
“In addition, the found association between peer attachment and neural risk processing for males has important implications for preventive interventions as male adolescents have been shown to engage in higher levels of risk behaviors compared to female adolescents (Moffitt and Caspi, 2001).”
Background
Identification of Multisystemic Therapy (MST) Subgroups with Distinct Trajectories on Ultimate Outcomes in Norway
Keleş, S., Taraldsen, K., & Olseth, A. R. (2021) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-020-00735-3 · Cited by 8
“It is interesting to note that these are the three outcomes which are more likely to be related to externalizing behaviours, and in the literature several findings suggest that girls tend to display lower levels of behavioral problems than boys (e.g., Bongers et al. 2004; Moffitt and Caspi 2001; Ogden and Hagen 2009).”
BackgroundResult
Discrimination at the Crossroads? Evidence from a Factorial Survey Experiment on Teacher‘s Tracking Decisions
Gilgen, S., & Stocker, M. (2022) · Swiss Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2478/sjs-2022-0005 · Cited by 8
Pathways to substance use: Examining conduct problems and parenting behaviors from preschool to adolescence
Hare, M. M., Trucco, E. M., Hawes, S. W., Villar, M. G., & Zucker, R. A. (2023) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579422001328 · Cited by 9
“…CP in early childhood tend to show a more persistent and chronic trajectory of anti-social behavior extending into later childhood and adulthood (Moffitt & Caspi, 2001), with some research suggesting these children go on to represent a large portion of adolescent crime (Offord et al., 1991).”
Background
Linking internalizing and externalizing problems to warmth and negativity in observed dyadic parent–offspring communication
Kullberg, M., Buisman, R. S. M., van Schie, C. V., Pittner, K., Tollenaar, M., van den Berg, L. V. D., Alink, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M., & Elzinga, B. (2023) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12847 · Cited by 7
The Role of Substance Abuse in Psychotic Versus Personality Disordered Offenders Detained Under the Dutch Entrustment Act (TBS): An Exploratory Study
Goethals, K., Buitelaar, J. K., & van Marle, H. (2008) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-008-9150-8 · Cited by 8
“The literature indicates that this dichotomization is useful, rather than the age at first conviction, as a continuous variable (Moffitt and Caspi 2001; Tengström et al. 2001).”
Background

Authors: MOFFITT, T. E., & CASPI, A.
Affiliations: University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
ORCID: MOFFITT, TERRIE E.
CASPI, AVSHALOM
Venue: Development and Psychopathology
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2001-05-16
Volume: 13
Issue: 2
Pages: 355-375
ISSN: 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
1469-2198
DOI: 10.1017/s0954579401002097
OpenAlex: W2058914725
Cited by: 1,669
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 127 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 70 · 2017: 84 · 2016: 90 · 2015: 99 · 2014: 97 · 2013: 108 · 2012: 98
FWCI: 143.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01mh056344-03)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH-49414, MH 45070, R01MH045070, MH-56344)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: sex differences, childhood risk factors, parenting
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Temperament, Time Factors, Parenting

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Childhood predictors differentiate life-course persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways among males and females

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