The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Helping caregivers of persons with dementia: which interventions work and how large are their effects?
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: In recent years, many different forms of interventions for caregivers of people with dementia have been developed. However, their results have been, in part, inconclusive. METHODS: Meta-analysis was used to integrate the results of 127 intervention studies with dementia caregivers published or presented between 1982 and 2005. RESULTS: Interventions had, on average, significant but small effects on burden, depression, subjective well-being, ability/knowledge and symptoms of care recipient. Only multicomponent interventions reduced the risk for institutionalization. Psychoeducational interventions that require active participation of caregivers had the broadest effects. Effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy, support, counseling, daycare, training of care recipient, and multicomponent interventions were domain specific. The effect sizes varied by study characteristics, such as caregiver gender and year of publication. CONCLUSIONS: Because most interventions have domain-specific outcomes, clinicians must tailor interventions according to the specific needs of the individual caregivers. Although more recent interventions showed stronger effects, there is room for further improvements in interventions.
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“Interventions that require active participation of caregivers have the greatest effect.15”
From Clinical effectiveness of a manual based coping strategy programme (START, STrAtegies for RelaTives) in promoting the mental health of carers of family members with dementia: pragmatic randomised controlled trial (2013) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Multi-component psychotherapeutic interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), have proven moderately effective in targeting caregiver distress and adaptive coping [17, 18].”
From Feasibility and acceptability of an acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for caregivers of adults with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (2021) · cites this paper as [18]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“First, the existing research on dementia carers is still largely focused on treating depression and burden and this trend has not changed substantially since earlier systematic reviews (Gallagher-Thompson and Coon, 2007; Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006).”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This meta-analysis integrated the results of 127 carer intervention studies published between 1982 and 2005 and demonstrated that interventions had, on average, significant but small immediate effects on carer outcomes such as burden, depression, and QoL.”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Second, QoL measures have been used more frequently in psychoeducation-skill building interventions compared to the early review (Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006).”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Third, the largest effect sizes were found for CBT based psychotherapeutic interventions, supporting previous findings (Elvish et al. , 2013; Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006).”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Thus, a limited number of sessions or lack of followup or booster sessions may be one of the principal causes for not finding positive outcomes after the treatment (Pinquart & Sörensen, 2006).”
From Pilot study of a psychotherapeutic intervention for reducing guilt feelings in highly distressed dementia family caregivers (Innovative practice). (2021) · cites this paper as Pinquart & Sörensen, 2006
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“Results demonstrated no significant effect on depression and QoL which contradict the findings from the previous review (Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006).”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The main limitation of this study was the inclusion of both randomised and non-randomised trials and the authors have concluded that nonrandomised studies may have overestimated the efficacy of interventions.”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
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Citations
Cites
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“As a tool for interpreting the practical significance of the results, we used the Binomial Effect Size Display (BESD; Rosenthal, 1991).”
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“Providing care for a patient with dementia is stressful, and informal caregivers of people with dementia show higher levels of psychological distress than carers of physically frail elderly people and non-caregivers (Pinquart and Sörensen, 2003).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGender Differences in Caregiver Stressors, Social Resources, and Health: An Updated Meta-Analysis
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Self-citationHow Effective Are Interventions With Caregivers? An Updated Meta-Analysis
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“frail older adults have been published (Knight et al., 1993; Sörensen et al., 2002).”
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“frail older adults have been published (Knight et al., 1993; Sörensen et al., 2002).”
BackgroundDementia Caregiver Intervention Research
Schulz, R., O'Brien, A., Czaja, S. J., Ory, M. G., Norris, R., Martire, L. M., Belle, S. H., Burgio, L., Gitlin, L. N., Coon, D. W., et al. (2002) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/42.5.589 · Cited by 421
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“Previous meta-analyses reported inconsistent findings as to whether the study quality does (Acton and Kang, 2001) or does not (Brodaty et al., 2003) influence intervention effects.”
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“Studies indicate that appropriate post-diagnostic support—such as case management, consultations, respite care and psychoeducational interventions—can alleviate caregiver burden and depressive symptoms and also improve quality of life [5].”
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“This shift can also be self-reinforcing, leading to greater reliance on familiar relationships and caregivers (Pinquart and Sorensen, 2006) and limiting adaptability and social fl exibility.”
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“Intervention development for persons living with dementia and their care partners has documented decades of progress across a wide variety of intervention approaches [1, 2].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena (DE)
- ORCID
- Pinquart, Martin
- Venue
- International Psychogeriatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 577-595
- ISSN
- 1041-6102 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2156427212
- Semantic Scholar
- dc598aa805fe13c96759fc70022c5cc76107f5b3
- Cited by
- 827
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 16.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Psychogeriatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (K01AG022072)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing care and research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Keywords
- dementia caregivers, caregiver interventions, caregiver burden, caregiver depression, subjective well-being, multicomponent intervention, psychoeducational intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy, institutionalization risk, caregiver education, caregiver support
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Counseling, Depression, Female, Humans, Institutionalization, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Quality of Life, Respite Care, Social Support, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Caregivers, Cost of Illness, Case Management
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