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Helping caregivers of persons with dementia: which interventions work and how large are their effects?
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: In recent years, many different forms of interventions for caregivers of people with dementia have been developed. However, their results have been, in part, inconclusive. METHODS: Meta-analysis was used to integrate the results of 127 intervention studies with dementia caregivers published or presented between 1982 and 2005. RESULTS: Interventions had, on average, significant but small effects on burden, depression, subjective well-being, ability/knowledge and symptoms of care recipient. Only multicomponent interventions reduced the risk for institutionalization. Psychoeducational interventions that require active participation of caregivers had the broadest effects. Effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy, support, counseling, daycare, training of care recipient, and multicomponent interventions were domain specific. The effect sizes varied by study characteristics, such as caregiver gender and year of publication. CONCLUSIONS: Because most interventions have domain-specific outcomes, clinicians must tailor interventions according to the specific needs of the individual caregivers. Although more recent interventions showed stronger effects, there is room for further improvements in interventions.
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“Interventions that require active participation of caregivers have the greatest effect.15”
From Clinical effectiveness of a manual based coping strategy programme (START, STrAtegies for RelaTives) in promoting the mental health of carers of family members with dementia: pragmatic randomised controlled trial (2013) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Multi-component psychotherapeutic interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), have proven moderately effective in targeting caregiver distress and adaptive coping [17, 18].”
From Feasibility and acceptability of an acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for caregivers of adults with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (2021) · cites this paper as [18]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“First, the existing research on dementia carers is still largely focused on treating depression and burden and this trend has not changed substantially since earlier systematic reviews (Gallagher-Thompson and Coon, 2007; Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006).”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This meta-analysis integrated the results of 127 carer intervention studies published between 1982 and 2005 and demonstrated that interventions had, on average, significant but small immediate effects on carer outcomes such as burden, depression, and QoL.”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Second, QoL measures have been used more frequently in psychoeducation-skill building interventions compared to the early review (Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006).”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
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“Third, the largest effect sizes were found for CBT based psychotherapeutic interventions, supporting previous findings (Elvish et al. , 2013; Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006).”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Thus, a limited number of sessions or lack of followup or booster sessions may be one of the principal causes for not finding positive outcomes after the treatment (Pinquart & Sörensen, 2006).”
From Pilot study of a psychotherapeutic intervention for reducing guilt feelings in highly distressed dementia family caregivers (Innovative practice). (2021) · cites this paper as Pinquart & Sörensen, 2006
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“Results demonstrated no significant effect on depression and QoL which contradict the findings from the previous review (Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006).”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
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“The main limitation of this study was the inclusion of both randomised and non-randomised trials and the authors have concluded that nonrandomised studies may have overestimated the efficacy of interventions.”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
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Citations
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Sorted by citations
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“Day care relieves the family caregiver directly of nursing duties and has proved itself in a meta-analytical study as effective in reducing caregivers’ subjective burden and depression [5].”
BackgroundThe Caregiver’s Burden of Alzheimer Patients: Differences Between Live-In and Non-Live-In
Raccichini, A., Castellani, S., Civerchia, P., Fioravanti, P., & Scarpino, O. (2009) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/1533317509340025 · Cited by 45
“A better understanding of the burden of caregivers of patients with AD may contribute to modify the existing interventions to decrease the stress level,(16) and consequently improve thecaregivers’ quality of life.(17,18)”
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“More studies will be required to define which interventions work for specific situations and how to capitalize on those interventions (2, 56, 57).”
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Simpson, C., & Carter, P. A. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.12127 · Cited by 44
“Psychoeducational interventions that include components of active participation (e.g. role playing) have demonstrated the best outcomes in caregivers’ feelings of burden, depression, and well-being (Pinquart & Sörensen 2006).”
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“Challenging Situations; (5) Learning from Our Emotions; and (6) Mastering Caregiving Decisions.”
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Koch, T., Iliffe, S., Manthorpe, J., Stephens, B., Fox, C., Robinson, L. A., Livingston, G., Coulton, S., Knapp, M. R. J., Chew-Graham, C. A., et al. (2012) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.3783 · Cited by 43
“Time-to-care home move was not often measured in these studies, but, in a metaanalysis of caregiver interventions, Pinquart and Sorensen (2006) concluded that case management can lead to a reduced risk of care home relocation, if not a demonstrable delay; Table 2 shows the higherquality trials…”
BackgroundKoivisto, A. M., Hallikainen, I. T., Välimäki, T. H., Hongisto, K., Hiltunen, A., Karppi, P., Sivenius, J., Soininen, H. S., & Martikainen, J. A. (2015) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4321 · Cited by 43
“, 2012) and caregiver interventions have shown positive effects on burden, depression, subjective well-being, and knowledge (Mittelman et al., 1996; Acton and Kang, 2001; Cooke et al., 2001; Pusey and Richards, 2001; Sörensen et al., 2002; Brodaty et al., 2003; Mittelman et al., 2004; Livingston et al., 2005; Pinquart…”
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“Previous studies have shown that psychosocial caregiver interventions have a moderate effect on caregiver health outcomes [4].”
BackgroundFowler, N. R., Judge, K. S., Lucas, K., Gowan, T., Stutz, P., Shan, M., Wilhelm, L., Parry, T., & Johns, S. A. (2021) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-021-02078-0 · Cited by 39
“Multi-component psychotherapeutic interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), have proven moderately effective in targeting caregiver distress and adaptive coping [17, 18].”
BackgroundDonath, C., Graessel, E., Großfeld-Schmitz, M., Menn, P., Lauterberg, J., Wunder, S., Marx, P., Ruckdäschel, S., Mehlig, H., & Holle, R. (2010) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-314 · Cited by 43
“In addition to treating dementia patients, the aim is to support informal caregivers with appropriate support and respite services which have been found to be effective [26-28], such as caregiver counseling or caregiver support groups.”
BackgroundLa evaluación de la carga del cuidador: una revisión más allá de la escala de Zarit
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Lancioni, G. E., Pinto, K., Martire, M. L. L., Tota, A., Rigante, V., Tatulli, E., Pansini, E., Minervini, M. G., Singh, N. N., O’Reilly, M. F., et al. (2008) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638280801906438 · Cited by 42
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“In comparison to previous intervention studies, the MSCP sample was of similar age, however a higher percentage of women and persons of White non-Hispanic race were represented (Parker et al., 2008; Pinquart & Sorensen, 2006).”
BackgroundResultCaregiver psychoeducation for first-episode psychosis
McWilliams, S., Egan, P., Jackson, D., Renwick, L., Foley, S., Behan, C. L., Fitzgerald, E., Fetherston, A., Turner, N., Kinsella, A., et al. (2009) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.08.006 · Cited by 42
“Caregiver burden is closely linked to knowledge and attitudes in illnesses ranging from dementia to bipolar affective disorder [5,14,31,32].”
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“…caregivers generally are effective in producing clinically meaningful improvements in psychological well-being, and (b) multifaceted, individualized interventions have the strongest impact (see, for example, Pinquart & Sörensen, 2006; Schulz et al., 2002; Sörensen, Pinquart, & Duberstein, 2002).”
BackgroundGraessel, E., Trilling, A., Donath, C., & Luttenberger, K. (2010) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-219 · Cited by 40
“Therefore support groups are a form of respite for family caregivers and have been proven in meta-analytical studies [5,8] and reviews [4,9] to have a highly significant effect (p < 0.”
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“Second, it is possible that the modest results of the current study are related to a suboptimal implementation of the intervention which could have resulted in a limited exposure of the target populations to the intervention [57].”
ResultCaregiver burden in older Indian patients with cancer- Experience from a tertiary care center
Menon, N. S., Patil, V., Ramaswamy, A., Gattani, S. C., Castelino, R., Dhekale, R., Gota, V., Sekar, A., Deodhar, J. K., Mahajan, S., et al. (2022) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2022.05.008 · Cited by 40
Alzheimer's disease research and development: a call for a new research roadmap
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“Many studies support the positive effects of cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) on depression, anxiety, perceived stress and dysfunctional thoughts(16) although another systematic review of 120 studies supported the effectiveness of CBT only on burden and depression.(17)”
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“Evidence suggests that caregiving stressors may vary between spousal versus nonspousal caregivers and thus intervention may have different impact on perceived health of spouse caregivers and adult child caregivers (Pinquart & Sorensen, 2006).”
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Arango‐Lasprilla, J. C., Panyavin, I. S., Merchán, E. J. H., Perrin, P. B., Arroyo-Anlló, E. M., Snipes, D. J., & Arabia, J. (2014) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/1533317514523668 · Cited by 40
“Additionally, interventions conducted in a group setting are effective in increasing caregivers’ social support.(32) On the other hand, group-based cognitive–behavioral interventions have been shown to have little effect on care recipients’ symptoms or on caregivers’ physical health problems.”
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“Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of such interventions have revealed only small positive effects on caregiver burden (Broady & Aggar, 2017; Lopez-Hartmann et al., 2012; Pinquart & Sörensen, 2006; Vandepitte et al., 2016).”
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“Results of these approaches are inconsistent, but it has been suggested that multicomponent interventions that combine different strategies have the greatest impact on reducing care burden [12, 16, 17].”
BackgroundAn international systematic review of dementia caregiving interventions for Chinese families
Ma, K. P. K., & Saw, A. (2020) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5400 · Cited by 36
“Given the complexity and variation of multicomponent interventions, researchers have suggested it may be useful to focus on examining the components within these interventions to investigate which combination of components would have the largest treatment effects.(79) Our present study took an initial step to dismantl…”
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Chacko, E., Ling, B., Avny, N., Barak, Y., Cullum, S., Sundram, F., & Cheung, G. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19010614 · Cited by 34
“Interventions that require active participation are associated with greatest effect [19].”
BackgroundLauritzen, J., Pedersen, P. U., Sørensen, E. E., & Bjerrum, M. B. (2015) · The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports · doi:10.11124/jbisrir-2015-2121 · Cited by 34
Akarsu, N., Prince, M. J., Lawrence, V. C., & Das‐Munshi, J. (2019) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5070 · Cited by 34
“Existing evidence supports the use of nonpharmacological interventions to reduce carer strain and depression for the benefit of both the carer and the person with dementia.(24,25) However, the low uptake of formal services by minority ethnic groups reveals barriers to accessing care, and with increased emphasis on com…”
BackgroundFuture living arrangements of Singaporeans with age-related dementia
Thompson, J. P., Riley, C. M., Eberlein, R. L., & Matchar, D. B. (2012) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610212000282 · Cited by 34
“Caregiver respites are helpful (Pinquart and Sörenson, 2006), but can be labor and cost intensive (Jönsson et al.”
BackgroundMello, J. D. A., Declercq, A., Cès, S., Durme, T. V., Audenhove, C. V., & Macq, J. (2016) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14410 · Cited by 41
“significant effect on delaying institutionalization of older people with dementia.(43) The current study results showed that older people with moderate to severe impairment who received night support at home with full supervision had a higher risk of institutionalization and death than people in the comparison group.”
ResultGallego-Alberto, L., Márquez-González, M., Romero-Moreno, R., Cabrera, I., & Losada, A. (2021) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/1471301219886761 · Cited by 33
Harris, M. L., Titler, M. G., & Hoffman, G. J. (2021) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/0733464820952252 · Cited by 33
Cuthbert, C. A., King-Shier, K. M., Ruether, J. D., Tapp, D. M., Wytsma-Fisher, K., Fung, T. S., & Culos-Reed, S. N. (2018) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kax040 · Cited by 40
The Art of Sharing the Diagnosis and Management of Alzheimer’s Disease With Patients and Caregivers
Grossberg, G. T., Christensen, D. D., Griffith, P. A., Kerwin, D. R., Hunt, G., & Hall, E. J. (2010) · The Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/pcc.09cs00833oli · Cited by 33
“25 A comprehensive family educational intervention program was shown in a randomized, controlled trial to reduce the likelihood of institutional placement by one-third, especially in the early and middle stages of AD.”
Why carers use adult day respite: a mixed method case study
Stirling, C., Dwan, C. A., & McKenzie, A. R. (2014) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-14-245 · Cited by 32
“The strength of evidence regarding the benefits of respite are somewhat mixed but there is some evidence that it reduces carer burden and depression symptoms and increases feelings of well-being [1].”
BackgroundSalminen, M. J., Laine, J., Vahlberg, T. J., Viikari, P., Wuorela, M., Viitanen, M. H., & Viikari, L. (2020) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1007/s41999-020-00338-7 · Cited by 32
Bachmann, P. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17124412 · Cited by 33
“The caregiver burden can be reduced by interventions recommended interventions of carers focusing on psychoeducation, general support provided by an informal support group, respite (planned, temporary relief for caregivers), cognitive behavioural therapy, counselling in the field of family conflict and more activities…”
BackgroundGonzalez, F., Otero, P., Iglesias, Á. T., Hermida, E., Blanco, V., & Fernández, O. D. (2013) · Psicothema · doi:10.7334/psicothema2012.89 · Cited by 32
Bruvik, F. K., Allore, H. G., Ranhoff, A. H., & Engedal, K. (2013) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000355912 · Cited by 31
Yu, Y., McGrew, J. H., & Boloor, J. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04181-z · Cited by 31
Holland, J. M., Thompson, L. W., Cucciare, M. A., Tsuda, A., Okamura, H., Spiegel, D., Rasgon, N., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. E. (2011) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.1375 · Cited by 31
Rodríguez‐Sánchez, E., Patino-Alonso, M. C., Mora‐Simón, S., Gómez-Marcos, M. Á., Peñaranda, A. P., Losada‐Baltar, A., & García‐Ortiz, L. (2012) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gns086 · Cited by 31
“These results are similar to those found by Pinquart and Sorensen (2006), who found lower improvements in subjective well-being in intervention studies with higher percentage of female CGs, even though greater improvements in depression and burden were also reported in the Pinquart and Sorensen…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAssessment and management of patients with cognitive impairment and dementia in primary care
Belmin, J., Min, L. C., Roth, C. P., Reuben, D. B., & Wenger, N. S. (2012) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-012-0026-z · Cited by 31
“Similarly, educational and counseling interventions for caregivers have been shown to reduce caregiver stress and delay patient institutionalization, (25, 26) yet even by caregiver report, such direction was provided by physicians for only a minority of patients.”
Social and family load of Alzheimer’s disease
Marešová, P., Mohelská, H., & Kuča, K. (2015) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036846.2015.1111986 · Cited by 31
“Interventions include (Pinquart and Sörensen 2006; Trepel 2010): ● Psychoeducation: structured training for carer (e.g. role play) ● General support: informal support groups ● Respite: planned, temporary relief for care- givers (inclusive of day care, in-home and respite) ● Cognitive behavioural…”
BackgroundFunk, L. M., Stajduhar, K., & Outcalt, L. (2014) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951513001168 · Cited by 30
“…on the principles of effective learning to provide in-depth and active learning opportunities, including time for discussion, modeling and demonstration, role-playing, active practice, and application of knowledge (Bucher et al., 1999; Gallagher-Thompson et al., 2000; Pinquart & Sorensen, 2006).”
BackgroundWellbeing among people with dementia and their next of kin over a period of 3 years
Holst, G., & Edberg, A. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2010.00863.x · Cited by 30
Forstmeier, S., Maercker, A. R. A., Savaskan, E., & Roth, T. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-1043-0 · Cited by 31
“Therefore, much research has focused on psychosocial interventions for caregivers of patients with dementia [21, 22].”
BackgroundOrsulic‐Jeras, S., Whitlatch, C. J., Powers, S. M., & Johnson, J. D. (2020) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1002/trc2.12037 · Cited by 30
Tuithof, M., ten Have, M., van Dorsselaer, S., & de Graaf, R. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0406-0 · Cited by 30
“psycho-educational interventions or counseling [22]) is therefore important and general practitioners have been targeted as a critical first point of contact to identify the impact of caregiving [23].”
BackgroundInterventions for caregivers of patients with dementia.
Martı́n-Carrasco, M., Ballesteros-Rodríguez, J., Domínguez-Panchón, A. I., Muñoz-Hermoso, P., & González–Fraile, E. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 30
Oldenkamp, M., Hagedoorn, M., Wittek, R. P. M., Stolk, R. P., & Smidt, N. (2017) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-017-1606-5 · Cited by 31
“Because most interventions have domain-specific outcomes, health professionals have to tailor interventions according to the specific needs, stressors, resources, and problems of the informal caregiver [47].”
BackgroundGraessel, E., Luttenberger, K., Trilling, A., & Donath, C. (2010) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-010-0153-5 · Cited by 29
“The fact that over 50% were non-users has also been seen in other studies (Brodaty et al. 2005; Lamura et al. 2006; Philip and Ghosh 1992; Toseland et al. 1999).”
ResultVandepitte, S., Putman, K. D., Noortgate, N. V. D., Verhaeghe, N., & Annemans, L. (2020) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5276 · Cited by 29
Guerra, S. R. C., Demain, S. H., de Figueiredo, D. M. P., & de Sousa, L. X. M. (2012) · Activities Adaptation & Aging · doi:10.1080/01924788.2011.647538 · Cited by 32
“Interventions that take a psychoeducational approach have a greater effect than those that use education alone (Pinquart & Sörensen, 2006; Sörensen, Pinquart, & Duberstein, 2002) because they enable carers to actively apply the general information received to their specific situation (Zarit &…”
BackgroundThe effect of epilepsy surgery on caregiver quality of life
Karakis, I., Montouris, G., Piperidou, C., Luciano, M. S., Meador, K. J., & Cole, A. J. (2013) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.08.006 · Cited by 29
Sommerlad, A., Manela, M., Cooper, C., Rapaport, P., & Livingston, G. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005273 · Cited by 29
Söylemez, B., Küçükgüçlü, Ö., & Buckwalter, K. (2016) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/00989134-20160406-01 · Cited by 22
Weinbrecht, A., Rieckmann, N., & Renneberg, B. (2016) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610216000806 · Cited by 29
“Comparable to other meta-analyses (e.g. Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006; Jensen et al., 2014), we found a positive but small effect of interventions on the alleviation of depressive symptoms.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialWaldemar, G., Waldorff, F. B., Buss, D. V., Eckermann, A., Keiding, N., Rishøj, S., Siersma, V., Sørensen, J., Sørensen, L. V., & Vogel, A. (2010) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000322942 · Cited by 28
Greenwood, N., Pelone, F., & Hassenkamp, A.-M. (2016) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-015-0399-2 · Cited by 27
Zhu, E. M., Buljac‐Samardžić, M., Ahaus, K., Sevdalis, N., & Huijsman, R. (2023) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-023-01314-y · Cited by 32
Otero, P., Smit, F., Cuijpers, P. J., Torres, Á., Blanco, V., & Vázquez, F. L. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714002505 · Cited by 31
“These reductions in emotional distress and burden are important, given that these two problems are frequently observed among caregivers (Pinquart & Sörensen, 2006; Gallagher-Thompson & Coon, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodCare-related Quality of Life of informal caregivers of the elderly after a hip fracture
van de Ree, C. L. P., Ploegsma, K., Kanters, T. A., Roukema, J. A., de Jongh, M. A. C., & Gosens, T. (2018) · Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s41687-018-0048-3 · Cited by 28
“In addition, females mostly provide more hours of informal care, experience more negative effects of caregiving and are more sensitive to a feeling of distance between themselves and the person being cared for [35, 36].”
BackgroundPaúl, C., Teixeira, L., Duarte, N. S. C., Pires, C. L., & Ribeiro, Ó. M. (2018) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-018-0345-6 · Cited by 27
Family experience of young-onset dementia: the perspectives of spouses and children
Chirico, I., Ottoboni, G., Linarello, S., Ferriani, E., Marrocco, E., & Chattat, R. (2021) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2021.2008871 · Cited by 27
“…for carers should be focused on improving their resilience and empowerment as to deal with symptoms and cope with psychosocial problems associated with YOD, while knowing how and where seeking help (Cabote et al., 2015; Millenaar et al., 2017; Pinquart & Sörensen, 2006; Wawrziczny et al., 2018).”
BackgroundChristie, H. L., Dam, A. E. H., van Boxtel, M. P. J., Köhler, S., Verhey, F. R. J., & de Vugt, M. E. (2022) · JMIR Aging · doi:10.2196/38656 · Cited by 27
“Existing psychosocial interventions focus on psychoeducation, skill building, and psychotherapeutic counselling based on techniques derived from cognitive behavioral therapy [11-13].”
Sherwood, P. R., Given, B. A., Given, C. W., Sikorskii, A. E., You, M., & Prince, J. (2011) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-011-1295-5 · Cited by 27
Cho, E. (2007) · Asian Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/s1976-1317(08)60006-7 · Cited by 27
“…largely on caregiver experiences such as caregivers’ stress and burden (Bakas, Pressler, Johnson, Nauser, & Shaneyfelt, 2006; Nijboer et al., 2000; Pinquart & Sorensen, 2006a) and effects of formal HHC services on informal caregivers (Brodaty, Green, & Koschera, 2003; Pinquart & Sorensen, 2006b).”
BackgroundSupport groups for caregivers of Alzheimer patients: A historical review
Hornillos, C., & Crespo, M. (2011) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/1471301211421258 · Cited by 27
“…et al., 1996; Brodaty, Green, & Koschera, 2003; Cooke, McNally, Mulligan, Harrison, & Newman, 2001; Knight, Lutzky, & Macofsky-Urban, 1993; Lavoie, 1995; López & Crespo, 2007; Pinquart & Sörensen, 2006; Pusey & Richards, 2001; Sörensen, Pinquart, & Duberstein, 2002; Toseland & Rossiter, 1989).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena (DE)
- ORCID
- Pinquart, Martin
- Venue
- International Psychogeriatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 577-595
- ISSN
- 1041-6102 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2156427212
- Semantic Scholar
- dc598aa805fe13c96759fc70022c5cc76107f5b3
- Cited by
- 827
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 16.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Psychogeriatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (K01AG022072)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing care and research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Keywords
- dementia caregivers, caregiver interventions, caregiver burden, caregiver depression, subjective well-being, multicomponent intervention, psychoeducational intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy, institutionalization risk, caregiver education, caregiver support
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Counseling, Depression, Female, Humans, Institutionalization, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Quality of Life, Respite Care, Social Support, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Caregivers, Cost of Illness, Case Management
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