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Helping caregivers of persons with dementia: which interventions work and how large are their effects?
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: In recent years, many different forms of interventions for caregivers of people with dementia have been developed. However, their results have been, in part, inconclusive. METHODS: Meta-analysis was used to integrate the results of 127 intervention studies with dementia caregivers published or presented between 1982 and 2005. RESULTS: Interventions had, on average, significant but small effects on burden, depression, subjective well-being, ability/knowledge and symptoms of care recipient. Only multicomponent interventions reduced the risk for institutionalization. Psychoeducational interventions that require active participation of caregivers had the broadest effects. Effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy, support, counseling, daycare, training of care recipient, and multicomponent interventions were domain specific. The effect sizes varied by study characteristics, such as caregiver gender and year of publication. CONCLUSIONS: Because most interventions have domain-specific outcomes, clinicians must tailor interventions according to the specific needs of the individual caregivers. Although more recent interventions showed stronger effects, there is room for further improvements in interventions.
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“Interventions that require active participation of caregivers have the greatest effect.15”
From Clinical effectiveness of a manual based coping strategy programme (START, STrAtegies for RelaTives) in promoting the mental health of carers of family members with dementia: pragmatic randomised controlled trial (2013) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Multi-component psychotherapeutic interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), have proven moderately effective in targeting caregiver distress and adaptive coping [17, 18].”
From Feasibility and acceptability of an acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for caregivers of adults with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (2021) · cites this paper as [18]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“First, the existing research on dementia carers is still largely focused on treating depression and burden and this trend has not changed substantially since earlier systematic reviews (Gallagher-Thompson and Coon, 2007; Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006).”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“This meta-analysis integrated the results of 127 carer intervention studies published between 1982 and 2005 and demonstrated that interventions had, on average, significant but small immediate effects on carer outcomes such as burden, depression, and QoL.”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Second, QoL measures have been used more frequently in psychoeducation-skill building interventions compared to the early review (Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006).”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
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“Third, the largest effect sizes were found for CBT based psychotherapeutic interventions, supporting previous findings (Elvish et al. , 2013; Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006).”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Thus, a limited number of sessions or lack of followup or booster sessions may be one of the principal causes for not finding positive outcomes after the treatment (Pinquart & Sörensen, 2006).”
From Pilot study of a psychotherapeutic intervention for reducing guilt feelings in highly distressed dementia family caregivers (Innovative practice). (2021) · cites this paper as Pinquart & Sörensen, 2006
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“Results demonstrated no significant effect on depression and QoL which contradict the findings from the previous review (Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006).”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
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“The main limitation of this study was the inclusion of both randomised and non-randomised trials and the authors have concluded that nonrandomised studies may have overestimated the efficacy of interventions.”
From Which interventions work for dementia family carers?: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials of carer interventions. (2018) · cites this paper as Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006
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Citations
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Self-citationA European consensus on outcome measures for psychosocial intervention research in dementia care
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“However, it is conceptually weak as an outcome measure, since it is difficult to demonstrate a causal relationship between burnout and its deteriorating effects in follow-up studies (Prosser et al, 1996 ).”
BackgroundThe informal caregiver's burden of dependent people: Theory and empirical review
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“As noted by Pinquart and Sörensen (2006), a special care should be given to the quality of these psychoeducational programs, particularly in terms of more structuring and intensity of the interventions; and (c) continuing in the study of other variables of the dependent person and the care context…”
BackgroundInfluentialLavretsky, H., Epel, E. S., Siddarth, P., Nazarian, N., Cyr, N. S., Khalsa, D. S., Lin, J., Blackburn, E., & Irwin, M. R. (2013) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.3790 · Cited by 298
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ResultComprehensive Primary Care for Older Patients With Multiple Chronic Conditions
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“Interventions to decrease burden and depression in caregivers have to date, achieved modest effects and there is an increased need to understand other potentially modifiable caregiver characteristics which may be addressed in caregiver interventions (Pinquart & Sorensen, 2006).”
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“7 >9, n (%) 44 (15) Self-efficacy score (range 0–5) (N = 227) Mean SD 2.”
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“However, these caregivers often experience great pressure from care, stress, and have an increased risk for depression and anxiety (Cooper, Balamurali, Selwood, & Livingston, 2007; Cuijpers, 2005; Pinquart & Sorensen, 2006; Schulz & Martire, 2004).”
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“In their meta-analysis of over 100 studies of dementia caregiver interventions, Pinquart & Sörensen (2006) note that education has a positive and significant effect on burden, depression, subjective well-being, the individual’s symptoms, ability and knowledge.”
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“Caring for older people with dementia puts a large burden on informal caregivers and reduces their physical and psychological well-being (Schulz and Beach, 1999; Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006).”
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“Moreover, long interventions seem necessary to implement a care plan, assess barriers to implementation and optimize coordination between care providers and community services (39).”
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“Pinquart and Sörensen (2006), in their meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions for CGs of dementia patients, concluded that ESs in the range of −.”
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“, cognitive behavioral therapy) (45, 46) in caregivers.”
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“Finally, many reviews included both controlled and uncontrolled studies making comparison between interventions difficult [12, 45].”
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“Among existing caregiver intervention studies, Cognitive Behavioral Therapies (CBT) appear to have the strongest effects on depressive symptoms (Gallagher-Thompson & Coon, 2007; Pinquart & Sorensen, 2006), particularly when more sessions are provided (Pinquart & Sorensen, 2006).”
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“Under the best conditions and assuming a large sample, the heterogeneity in caregiver samples is likely to result in relatively small treatment effects, a finding that largely describes the extant literature (Gallagher-Thompson & Coon, 2007; Pinquart & Sorensen, 2006; Zarit & Femia, 2008).”
BackgroundGallagher-Thompson, D., Tzuang, Y. M., Au, A., Brodaty, H., Charlesworth, G., Gupta, R., Lee, S. E., Losada, A., & Shyu, Y.-I. (2012) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2012.678190 · Cited by 128
“For example, Pinquart and Sorensen (2006 )reported significant differences between White non-Hispanic caregivers and both Hispanic/Latino and Asian caregivers on level of depression (both minority groups were more depressed across several studies than their White peers) and on some sociodemographic variables that are…”
BackgroundMittelman, M. S., Brodaty, H., Wallen, A. S., & Burns, A. S. (2008) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181898095 · Cited by 128
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Caregiver Burden and Psychoeducational Interventions in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review
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Elvish, R., Lever, S.-J., Johnstone, J., Cawley, R., & Keady, J. (2013) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733145.2012.739632 · Cited by 123
“This review of studies published between 2005 and 2011 has updated and adapted previous systematic reviews undertaken by Pinquart and Sörensen (2006), and Gallagher-Thompson and Coon (2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKishita, N., Hammond, L., Dietrich, C. M., Mioshi, E., Haapala, I., Biggs, S., & Kurrle, S. (2018) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610218000947 · Cited by 130
“Third, the largest effect sizes were found for CBT based psychotherapeutic interventions, supporting previous findings (Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006; Elvish et al., 2013).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialEska, K., Graessel, E., Donath, C., Schwarzkopf, L., Lauterberg, J., & Holle, R. (2013) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000355079 · Cited by 119
Psychosocial telephone intervention for dementia caregivers: A randomized, controlled trial
Tremont, G., Davis, J. D., Papandonatos, G. D., Ott, B. R., Fortinsky, R. H., Gozalo, P., Yue, M. S., Bryant, K., Grover, C., & Bishop, D. S. (2015) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.1752 · Cited by 114
“In general, there is evidence that longer intervention duration leads to stronger effects [30].”
BackgroundEtxeberría, I., Salaberría, K., & Gorostiaga, A. (2020) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2020.1758900 · Cited by 118
“In the meta-analyses carried out, the effect sizes found have generally been small for burden and depression (0.1-0.2) and medium-small for psychological wellbeing, quality of life, anxiety and self-efficacy (0.3-0.4) (J€utten, Mark, Wicherts, & Sitskoorn, 2018; Pinquart & S€orensen, 2006).”
MethodInfluentialGreenwood, N., & Smith, R. (2015) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.07.013 · Cited by 127
Si, G., Ferri, C. P., Mikhaylova, N. M., Sokolova, O., Banerjee, S., & Prince, M. J. (2008) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2126 · Cited by 116
García‐Alberca, J. M., Lara, J. P., & Berthier, M. L. (2011) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/pm.41.1.f · Cited by 116
“Alleviating CB and delaying institutionalization also has important economic and social implications to reduce the high costs of long-term care [39].”
Backgroundvan den Dungen, P., van Marwijk, H., van der Horst, H. E., van Charante, E. P. M., Vroomen, J. L. M., van de Ven, P. M., & van Hout, H. P. J. (2011) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2726 · Cited by 111
“For informal caregivers, the dementia diagnosis may allow psychoeducation, support and access to services and, if needed, care (Mittelman et al., 1996; Pinquart and Sorensen, 2006; Smits et al., 2007; Ferrara et al., 2008; Lewis et al., 2009).”
BackgroundHarding, R., Gao, W., Jackson, D., Pearson, C., Murray, J., & Higginson, I. J. (2015) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.04.005 · Cited by 110
Laakkonen, M., Kautiainen, H., Hölttä, E., Savikko, N. M., Tilvis, R. S., Strandberg, T. E., & Pitkälä, K. H. (2016) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14055 · Cited by 126
Caregiving families within the long-term services and support system for older adults.
Qualls, S. H. (2016) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0040252 · Cited by 108
Mello, J. D. A., Macq, J., Van Durme, T., Cès, S., Spruytte, N., Van Audenhove, C., & Declercq, A. (2017) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1168360 · Cited by 107
“As seen in literature reviews and other studies, home care interventions can help decrease informal caregivers’ burden (Adelman, Lyubov, Delgado, Dion, & Lachs, 2014; Lopez-Hartmann, Wens, Verhoeven, & Remmen, 2012; Pinquart & Sorensen, 2006).”
ResultCaregiver Burden and Needs in Frontotemporal Dementia
Diehl‐Schmid, J., Schmidt, E.-M., Nunnemann, S., Riedl, L., Kurz, A., Förstl, H., Wagenpfeil, S., & Cramer, B. (2013) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988713498467 · Cited by 107
“With regard to the scores on the BDI-II, 25% of the caregivers had no depression (0-8 points), 27% had minimal depression (9-12), 21% had mild depression (13-19), 19% had moderate depression (20-28), and 7% had severe depression (>29).”
MethodWaldorff, F. B., Buss, D. V., Eckermann, A., Rasmussen, M. L. H., Keiding, N., Rishoj, S., Siersma, V., Sorensen, J., Sorensen, L. V., Vogel, A., et al. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e4693 · Cited by 106
Caregiver Burden in Epilepsy: Determinants and Impact
Karakis, I., Cole, A. J., Montouris, G., Luciano, M. S., Meador, K. J., & Piperidou, C. (2014) · Epilepsy Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2014/808421 · Cited by 110
“Previous studies on caregivers of patients with dementia have corroborated that potential [50].”
BackgroundLosada‐Baltar, A., Márquez‐González, M., & Romero‐Moreno, R. (2010) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2648 · Cited by 106
“In fact, it has been pointed by the meta-analysis in this field that these interventions have, at best, a moderate efficacy for reducing caregivers’ distress (Knight et al., 1993; Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMcLaren, A. N., LaMantia, M. A., & Callahan, C. M. (2013) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2013.781121 · Cited by 103
“Other reviews of this literature suggest that any impact on the patient’s functional limitations is domain-specific (Ayalon, Gum, Feliciano, & Arean, 2006; Gitlin, Winter, Dennis, Hodgson, & Hauck, 2010b; Pinquart & Sorensen, 2006; Thompson, 2007).”
Collins, R. N., & Kishita, N. (2019) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gny024 · Cited by 101
Joling, K. J., van Marwijk, H., Smit, F., van der Horst, H. E., Scheltens, P., van de Ven, P. M., Mittelman, M. S., & van Hout, H. P. J. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030936 · Cited by 100
Behavioral and Psychosocial Interventions for Family Caregivers
Zarit, S. H., & Femia, E. E. (2008) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.naj.0000336415.60495.34 · Cited by 98
Márquez‐González, M., Losada‐Baltar, A., Izal, M., Pérez-Rojo, G., & Montorio, I. (2007) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860701368455 · Cited by 96
“Although this situation has generated a considerable amount of interest in recent years in the hope of eventually developing appropriate interventions to help caregivers cope with the demanding task of caring for an impaired relative, the success of these interventions has been limited and the number of published stud…”
BackgroundVeld, J. G. H. I. H., Verkaik, R., Mistiaen, P., van Meijel, B., & Francke, A. L. (2015) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-015-0145-6 · Cited by 95
“Four of the reviews included described self-management support interventions targeting psychological wellbeing [15, 19, 20, 22].”
InfluentialMacht, M. L., Gerlich, C., Ellgring, H., Schradi, M., Bayés, À., Crespo, M., Prats, A., Viemerö, V., Lankinen, A., Bitti, P. E. R., et al. (2006) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2006.08.005 · Cited by 98
The Tele.TAnDem Intervention: Telephone-based CBT for Family Caregivers of People With Dementia
Wilz, G., Reder, M., Lechner‐Meichsner, F., & Soellner, R. (2017) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnx183 · Cited by 96
“Like many other intervention studies (Cheng, Lau, Mak, Ng, & Lam, 2014; Corbett et al., 2012; Pinquart & Sörensen, 2006; Tremont et al., 2015), we did not find any differences between the intervention and control group with regard to the burden of care.”
Backgroundde Rotrou, J., Cantegreil, I., Faucounau, V., Wenisch, É., Chausson, C., Jegou, D., Grabar, S., & Rigaud, A. (2010) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2611 · Cited by 92
“Psychosocial and educational interventions are recommended for caregivers (Brodaty et al., 2003; Mittelman et al., 2004; Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006).”
BackgroundPackages of Care for Dementia in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Prince, M. J., Acosta, D. M., Costa, E., Jackson, J., & Shaji, K. S. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000176 · Cited by 97
“Carer support increased carer wellbeing but no other outcomes [84].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAu, A., Li, S., Lee, K., Leung, P., Pan, P.-C., Thompson, L., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. (2010) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2009.06.005 · Cited by 91
“Psychosocial interventions for caregivers of persons with dementia can significantly decrease the psychological distress and improve theirwell-being togetherwith delaying the institutionalization of the patients [6–10].”
BackgroundMemory and communication support in dementia: research-based strategies for caregivers
Conway, E., Broughton, M., Baker, R., Pachana, N. A., Angwin, A. J., Humphreys, M. S., Mitchell, L. K., Byrne, G. J., Copland, D. A., Gallois, C., et al. (2010) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610210001845 · Cited by 102
“Educational interventions for family caregivers can have positive effects on caregivers’ well-being and quality of life, role satisfaction and knowledge, as well as reducing burden and depression (e.g. Pinquart and Sörensen, 2006; Nelis et al., 2007).”
BackgroundPositive Aspects of Caregiving and Caregiver Burden: A Study of Caregivers of Patients With Dementia
Abdollahpour, I., Nedjat, S., & Salimi, Y. (2017) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988717743590 · Cited by 87
“Moreover, Pinquart and Sörensen in his meta-analysis demonstrated that different types of interventions on caregivers of patients with dementia may have had a significant small effect on reducing caregiver burden.(34) As we previously demonstrated, caregiver burden was shown as the strongest predictor of both caregive…”
BackgroundTeahan, Á., Lafferty, A., McAuliffe, E., Phelan, A., O’Sullivan, L., O’Shea, D., Nicholson, E., & Fealy, G. (2020) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264319899793 · Cited by 85
“Other systematic reviews in this field have reported on a broad range of psychosocial interventions (Elvish et al., 2013; Pinquart & Sörensen, 2006; Tang & Chan, 2016; Van Mierlo et al., 2012).”
BackgroundCaregiver burden characterization in patients with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia
D’Onofrio, G., Sancarlo, D., Addante, F., Ciccone, F., Cascavilla, L., Paris, F., Picoco, M., Nuzzaci, C., Elia, A. C., Greco, A., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4232 · Cited by 86
“Wishfulness and intrapsychic strategies, on the other hand, are related to mental health problems (Pruchno and Resch, 1989).”
BackgroundStajduhar, K., Funk, L. M., & Outcalt, L. (2013) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216313487765 · Cited by 86
Guerra, M., Ferri, C. P., Fonseca, M., Banerjee, S., & Prince, M. J. (2010) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/s1516-44462010005000017 · Cited by 85
“describe the number of randomized trials involved, non-randomized studies were associated with larger effect sizes.(6) Psychoeducational”
BackgroundKwon, O.-Y., Ahn, H. S., Kim, H. J., & Park, K. W. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.3988/jcn.2017.13.4.394 · Cited by 84
Deeken, F., Rezo, A., Hinz, M., Discher, R., & Rapp, M. A. (2018) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2018.12.003 · Cited by 84
Efficacy of a Smartphone App Intervention for Reducing Caregiver Stress: Randomized Controlled Trial
Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M., Richardson, B., Little, K., Teague, S. J., Hartley-Clark, L., Capic, T., Khor, S., Cummins, R. A., Olsson, C. A., & Hutchinson, D. M. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/17541 · Cited by 91
“This finding is consistent with the broader literature, which has found that the therapeutic techniques presented in each module are independently associated with improvements in mental health and well-being [27,28].”
BackgroundResultDiagnosis and treatment of dementia: 4. Approach to management of mild to moderate dementia
Hogan, D. B., Bailey, P., Black, S. E., Carswell, A., Chertkow, H. M., Clarke, B., Cohen, C. A., Fisk, J. D., Forbes, D. A., Man‐Son‐Hing, M., et al. (2008) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.070803 · Cited by 84
“Multicomponent interventions using these modalities can significantly delay the need for institutional care for patients with dementia.(39) Actively involving caregivers and giving them choice seems to be particularly important attributes of successful support programs.”
BackgroundLong-Term Adaptation to Institutionalization in Dementia Caregivers
Gaugler, J. E., Pot, A. M., & Zarit, S. H. (2007) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/47.6.730 · Cited by 89
Association Between Caregiver Depression and Emergency Department Use Among Patients With Dementia
Guterman, E. L., Allen, I. E., Josephson, S. A., Merrilees, J. J., Dulaney, S., Chiong, W., Lee, K., Bonasera, S. J., Miller, B. L., & Possin, K. L. (2019) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1820 · Cited by 77
“Caregiver self-efficacy, median (IQR) 15 (13-16) 0.”
Phung, T. K. T., Waldorff, F. B., Buss, D. V., Eckermann, A., Keiding, N., Rishøj, S., Siersma, V., Sørensen, J., Søgaard, R., Sørensen, L. V., et al. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003584 · Cited by 82
Li, J., & Song, Y. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_847-1 · Cited by 82
Metadata
- Authors
- Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena (DE)
- ORCID
- Pinquart, Martin
- Venue
- International Psychogeriatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 577-595
- ISSN
- 1041-6102 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2156427212
- Semantic Scholar
- dc598aa805fe13c96759fc70022c5cc76107f5b3
- Cited by
- 827
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 16.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Psychogeriatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (K01AG022072)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing care and research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Keywords
- dementia caregivers, caregiver interventions, caregiver burden, caregiver depression, subjective well-being, multicomponent intervention, psychoeducational intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy, institutionalization risk, caregiver education, caregiver support
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Counseling, Depression, Female, Humans, Institutionalization, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Quality of Life, Respite Care, Social Support, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Caregivers, Cost of Illness, Case Management
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