The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Situational versus chronic loneliness as risk factors for all-cause mortality
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Several international studies have substantiated the role of loneliness as a risk factor for mortality. Although both theoretical and empirical research has supported the classification of loneliness as either situational or chronic, research to date has not evaluated whether this classification has a differential impact upon mortality. METHODS: To establish the definition of situational vs. chronic loneliness, we used three waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative sample of Americans over the age of 50 years. Baseline data for the present study were collected in the years 1996, 1998, and 2000. The present study concerns the 7,638 individuals who completed all three waves; their loneliness was classified as either not lonely, situational loneliness or chronic loneliness. Mortality data were available through to the year 2004. RESULTS: Those identified as "situationally lonely" (HR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.52-1.62) as well as those identified as "chronically lonely" (HR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.71-1.87) had a greater risk for all cause mortality net of the effect of possible demographic and health confounders. Nonetheless, relative to those classified as "situationally lonely," individuals classified as "chronically lonely" had a slightly greater mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS: The current study emphasizes the important role loneliness plays in older adults' health. The study further supports current division into situational vs. chronic loneliness, yet suggests that both types serve as substantial mortality risks.
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Loneliness predicts increased morbidity and mortality in longitudinal research.
“A growing body of longitudinal research indicates that loneliness predicts increased morbidity and mortality [12–19].”
From Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms (2010) · cites this paper as [17]
All-cause mortality over a 4-year follow-up in the Health and Retirement Study was predicted by loneliness, and the effect was greater in chronically than situationally lonely adults.
“all-cause mortality over a 4-year follow-up was predicted by loneliness, and the effect was greater in chronically than situationally lonely adults [17]”
From Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms (2010) · cites this paper as [17]
Bower et al. reported systematic upregulation of multiple prometastatic molecular processes in primary breast tumors among socially isolated patients with breast cancer.
“Additionally, Bower et al. 91 reported systematic upregulation of multiple prometastatic molecular processes in primary breast tumors among socially isolated patients with breast cancer.”
From A systematic review and meta-analysis of 90 cohort studies of social isolation, loneliness and mortality (2023) · cites this paper as [91]
The Introduction discusses social isolation and health outcomes in older adults, while the Results address loneliness and all-cause mortality. Searches for Bower, primary breast tumors, and prometastatic processes found no passage in our copy addressing the claimed finding. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shiovitz-Ezra, S., & Ayalon, L.
- Affiliations
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- ORCID
- Ayalon, Liat
- Venue
- International Psychogeriatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 455-462
- ISSN
- 1041-6102 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2062653860
- Cited by
- 391
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 9.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Psychogeriatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Keywords
- loneliness, chronic loneliness, all-cause mortality, older adults, mortality risk factors, social isolation, Health and Retirement Study
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Cause of Death, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Israel, Life Change Events, Loneliness, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Social Isolation, Time Factors, Geriatric Assessment
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