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Loneliness and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Open accessAbstract
Loneliness and social isolation are associated with adverse physical and psychological consequences which are particularly prevalent in older persons. During this unprecedented time of the COVID-19 pandemic, we must follow social distancing guidelines to protect ourselves and to reduce the spread of coronavirus. At the same time, it is crucial to maintain social connections with each other, especially with older persons, to help cope and reduce the negative consequences of loneliness and social isolation. It is important to develop new strategies (e.g. virtual health care and new government policy) to address loneliness and social isolation among older adults for the post-pandemic era.
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“Social isolation is one of the most pervasive negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic (Hwang et al., 2020).”
From RESILIENCE, COPING, AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ACROSS THE GLOBE – AN UPDATE: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED? (2023) · cites this paper as Hwang et al., 2020
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BackgroundResultThe Drivers of Stress in Women Employees Caused by the Pandemic COVID-2019
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Kang, J., & Park, D.-H. (2022) · Archives of Design Research · doi:10.15187/adr.2022.11.35.4.115 · Cited by 4
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What Five Students of the Encounter Adventist Bible Curriculum Taught Us About Their Spirituality
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“It is important to distinguish loneliness (or perceived isolation) from social isolation (or objective isolation): Loneliness was already widespread before the pandemic, especially for older adults, and may not coincide totally with (objective) social isolation (Hwang et al., 2020).”
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Polastri, M. (2021) · International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation · doi:10.12968/ijtr.2021.0044 · Cited by 3
Limited Space: Elderly People's Meanings of the City in the Time of Pandemic
Galkin, K. A. (2021) · Inter · doi:10.19181/inter.2021.13.2.2 · Cited by 3
Symptoms of Anxiety in Mothers During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Structural Equation Model Approach
Romero‐Gonzalez, B., Lozano-Ruiz, Á., Puertas‐Gonzalez, J. A., Mariño-Narváez, C., & Peralta‐Ramírez, M. I. (2021) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x211064861 · Cited by 3
Crisanti, A., Alonso-Marsden, S., Puglisi, L., Greene, R., Kincaid, T., Dole, J. L., & Bowen, N. (2021) · The social science · doi:10.3390/socsci10120468 · Cited by 4
Harris, M. A., Crone, D., Hughes, S., & Bird, W. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263414 · Cited by 4
Associations between Depression Symptoms and Leisure Behavior during the COVID-19 State of Emergency
Kulbin, K., & Kask, K. (2022) · Leisure Sciences · doi:10.1080/01490400.2022.2036275 · Cited by 3
“…and while video calls have been advised by many authors as an alternative for maintaining social connections during government restrictions (e.g., Hwang et al., 2020; Garfin, 2020; Pancani et al., 2020), we did not find that spending leisure time on video calls with friends and/or relatives…”
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Valladares-Garrido, M. J., Álvarez-Risco, A., Rojas-Alvarado, A. B., Zuniga-Cáceres, J. A., Izarra, N. A. E., Peralta, C. I., Astudillo, D., Díaz-Vélez, C., Failoc‐Rojas, V. E., Del-Aguila-Arcentales, S., et al. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142214785 · Cited by 3
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Stigma in the Context of COVID-19 Crisis
Khatooni, M. (2022) · Professional Case Management · doi:10.1097/ncm.0000000000000573 · Cited by 3
“Aggressive screening, contact tracing, quarantine, and control approach could increase the risk of stigmatization (Hwang et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialMejia, C. R., Álvarez-Risco, A., Mejía, Y. M., Quispe, S. C., Del-Aguila-Arcentales, S., Serna-Alarcón, V., Vilela-Estrada, M. A., Pacheco, J. M. A., & Yáñez, J. A. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142315515 · Cited by 3
Mental disorders in hospital COVID-19 patients
Asanova, A., Khaustova, O. O., Чабан, О., Prokhorova, O., Kuzmitsky, M., Tymoshchuk, Y., & Avramenko, O. (2021) · Psychosomatic Medicine and General Practice · doi:10.26766/pmgp.v6i2.304 · Cited by 4
Tan, S., & Şekercioğlu, F. (2022) · International Health Trends and Perspectives · doi:10.32920/ihtp.v2i3.1662 · Cited by 3
The Relationship Between Leisure Constraints, Social Isolation and Self Determination
Kama, S. (2022) · GSI Journals Serie A Advancements in Tourism Recreation and Sports Sciences · doi:10.53353/atrss.1158901 · Cited by 3
Chung, S., & Park, S. (2023) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1155/2023/1799373 · Cited by 3
Dweik, R. A., Rahman, M. A., Ahamed, F. M., Ramada, H., Sheble, Y. A., ElTaher, S., Cross, W. M., & Elsori, D. H. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0282479 · Cited by 4
“Social isolation and virtual interactions have boosted the number of people suffering from mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression in the community settings of UAE [18].”
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“…as the effects of strict containment measures, as well social distancing, quarantine to reduce the spread out of virus favored the increasing of depression and anxiety disorders, suicide risk, post-traumatic stress and insomnia symptoms (Hwang et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2021; Akgül, et al., 2022).”
Predictors of General Deviance in the Context of COVID-19
Paat, Y., Hope, T. L., Zamora, H., & Hernandez, E. (2023) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x231172644 · Cited by 3
“…to maladaptive coping (Bhat et al., 2020), and social isolation and loneliness resulting from the practice of social distancing may take a toll on mental health (Hwang et al., 2020), we found little evidence that negative emotions predicted general deviance once prior deviance was considered.”
Barbalat, G., Melac, A. T., Zante, É., Haesebaert, F., & Franck, N. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1234023 · Cited by 3
“Yet, while social distancing may have affected loneliness (29, 65), others have suggested that the effects of loneliness on mental well-being were for the most part precedent to lockdown (66, 67).”
BackgroundPsychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic: experience of healthcare workers in Qatar
Al-Qudimat, A. R., Singh, K., Mustafa, E. M. M., Nashwan, A. J., Al‐Zoubi, R. M., Yassin, A. A., Aboumarzouk, O. M., & Al-Ansari, A. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1283925 · Cited by 4
Schumacher, J., Kühne, L., Brüssermann, S., Geisler, B., & Jäckle, S. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271848 · Cited by 3
Navigating COVID-related trauma during lockdown enforcement period
Noutchie, S. C. O. (2024) · International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) · doi:10.20525/ijrbs.v13i3.3291 · Cited by 3
“People were compelled to adjust to a reality where gestures like hugs, handshakes, and casual conversations held potential risks (Hwang et al., 2020).”
BackgroundIslam, Q. S., & Akter, N. (2024) · Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research · doi:10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i75505 · Cited by 3
Alarcão, V., Candeias, P., Stefanovska–Petkovska, M., Neves, J., Pintassilgo, S. C., Machado, F. L., Santos, O., Virgolino, A., dos Santos, R. R., Heitor, M. J., et al. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19563-x · Cited by 6
“Although the stay-at-home orders were necessary to contain the spread of COVID-19, they resulted in worsening social isolation and loneliness among certain social groups [65].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hwang, T.-J., Rabheru, K., Peisah, C., Reichman, W., & Ikeda, M.
- Affiliations
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- The University of Osaka (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Hwang, Tzung-Jeng
- Venue
- International Psychogeriatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1217-1220
- ISSN
- 1041-6102 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7306546
- OpenAlex
- W3029529029
- Cited by
- 1,044
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 170 · 2023: 215 · 2022: 227 · 2021: 220 · 2020: 32
- FWCI
- 69.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Psychogeriatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (19K08045)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social impacts of COVID-19
- Keywords
- loneliness, social isolation, COVID-19 pandemic, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Psychosocial Support Systems, Noncommunicable Diseases, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, Aging, Communicable Disease Control, Geriatric Psychiatry, Humans, Loneliness, Mental Health, Pneumonia, Viral, Preventive Health Services, Social Isolation, Social Work, Coronavirus Infections, Needs Assessment, Independent Living, Pandemics
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