The Mouse Who Couldn't Stop Washing: Pathologic Grooming in Animals and Humans
Open accessAbstract
The basic science literature is replete with descriptions of naturally occurring or experimentally induced pathological grooming behaviors in animals, which are widely considered animal models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These animal models rely largely on observed similarities between animal behaviors and human OCD behaviors, and on studies of animal pathological grooming disorders that respond to serotonin enhancing drugs. However, current limitations in assessment of complex cognition and affect in animals precludes the field's ability to match the driving primary processes behind observable phenomenology in animal “OCD” with human behavioral disorders. We propose that excessive grooming behaviors in animals may eventually prove to be equally, or possibly more relevant to, other conditions in humans that involve pathological grooming or grooming-like behaviors, such as trichotillomania, body dysmorphic disorder, olfactory reference syndrome, compulsive skin-picking, and onychophagia. Research is needed to better understand pathological grooming behaviors in both humans and animals, as animal models have the potential to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms and inform the treatment of these psychiatric conditions in humans.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In mice, the neural substrate for the stereotyped grooming sequence lies in several brain regions including the brain stem and the striatum, where the striatum is thought to regulate the initiation and modulation of grooming behaviors.
“In mice, the neural substrate for the stereotyped grooming sequence (whisker grooming or coat grooming) lies in several brain regions including the brain stem and the striatum [506], where the striatum is thought to regulate the initiation and modulation of these grooming behaviors [507].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [507]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Affective consciousness: core emotional feelings in animals and humans.
Panksepp, J. (2005) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2004.10.004 · Cited by 1,217 · see citing works
A multidimensional model of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Mataix-Cols, D., do Rosario-Campos, M. C., & Leckman, J. F. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.228 · Cited by 1,074 · see citing works
Mataix-Cols, D., Wooderson, S., Lawrence, N., Brammer, M. J., Speckens, A., & Phillips, M. L. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.6.564 · Cited by 929 · see citing works
Toward a neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Graybiel, A. M., & Rauch, S. L. (2000) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00113-6 · Cited by 864 · see citing works
Cortico-striatal synaptic defects and OCD-like behaviours in Sapap3-mutant mice
Welch, J. M., Lu, J., Rodriguiz, R. M., Trotta, N. C., Peca, J., Ding, J.-D., Feliciano, C., Chen, M., Adams, J. P., Luo, J., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06104 · Cited by 852 · see citing works
Neuroimaging and frontal–subcortical circuitry in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Saxena, S., Brody, A. L., Schwartz, J. M., & Baxter, L. R. (1998) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/s0007125000297870 · Cited by 831 · see citing works
Chamberlain, S. R., Blackwell, A. D., Fineberg, N. A., Robbins, T. W., & Sahakian, B. J. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.11.006 · Cited by 830 · see citing works
Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder
(1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.7.911 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Ethology and neurobiology of grooming behavior
Spruijt, B. M., van Hooff, J. A. R. A. M., & Gispen, W. H. (1992) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1992.72.3.825 · Cited by 738 · see citing works
McKinney, W. T. (1969) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1969.01740200112015 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Characteristics of 60 adult chronic hair pullers
(1991) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.148.3.365 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Veale, D. M., Boocock, A., Gournay, K., Dryden, W., Shah, F., Willson, R., & Walburn, J. (1996) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.169.2.196 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Phillips, K. A., & DIAZ, S. F. (1997) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199709000-00006 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Self-citationThe prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder: a population-based survey
Rief, W., Buhlmann, U., Wilhelm, S., Borkenhagen, A., & Brähler, E. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706007264 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Hoxb8 Is Required for Normal Grooming Behavior in Mice
Greer, J. M., & Capecchi, M. R. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00564-5 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
(1991) · PubMed · Cited by 398 · see citing works
The basal ganglia and cognitive pattern generators
Graybiel, A. M. (1997) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/23.3.459 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Symptom structure in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a confirmatory factor-analytic study
Summerfeldt, L. J., Richter, M. A., Antony, M. M., & Swinson, R. P. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00134-x · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder
Aouizerate, B., Guehl, D., Cuny, E., Rougier, A., Bioulac, B., Tignol, J., & Burbaud, P. (2004) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.02.004 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Perfectionism in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder patients
Frost, R. O., & Steketee, G. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00108-8 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Epidemiology of somatoform disorders: a community survey in Florence
Faravelli, C., Salvatori, S., Galassi, F., Aiazzi, L., Drei, C., & Cabras, P. L. (1997) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/bf00800664 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts in Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Phillips, K. A., Coles, M. E., Menard, W. E., Yen, S., Fay, C., & Weisberg, R. B. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v66n0607 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Self-citationImplementation of Action Sequences by a Neostriatal Site: A Lesion Mapping Study of Grooming Syntax
Cromwell, H. C., & Berridge, K. C. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-10-03444.1996 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Beyond the serotonin hypothesis: a role for dopamine in some forms of obsessive compulsive disorder?
Goodman, W. K., McDougle, C. J., Price, L. H., Riddle, M. A., Pauls, D. L., & Leckman, J. F. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Systematic Review: Pharmacological and Behavioral Treatment for Trichotillomania
Bloch, M. H., Landeros-Weisenberger, A., Dombrowski, P., Kelmendi, B., Wegner, R., Nudel, J., Pittenger, C., Leckman, J. F., & Coric, V. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.019 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Arnold, L. M., Auchenbach, M. B., & McElroy, S. L. (2001) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200115050-00002 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Self-Injurious Skin Picking: Clinical Characteristics and Comorbidity
Wilhelm, S., Keuthen, N. J., Deckersbach, T., Engelhard, I. M., Forker, A. E., Baer, L., O'Sullivan, R. L., & Jenike, M. A. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v60n0707 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Sade, D. S. (1965) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330230115 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders: An Overview
Hollander, E. (1993) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0048-5713-19930701-05 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in a Community Sample of Women
Otto, M. W., Wilhelm, S., Cohen, L. S., & Harlow, B. L. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.12.2061 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Phillips, K. A., & Hollander, E. (2008) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.12.003 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationSkin picking behaviors: An examination of the prevalence and severity in a community sample.
Hayes, S. L., Storch, E., & Berlanga, L. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.01.008 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Abnormalities of Visual Processing and Frontostriatal Systems in Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Feusner, J. D., Moody, T. D., Hembacher, E., Townsend, J. D., McKinley, M., Moller, H., & Bookheimer, S. Y. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.190 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citation<i>Sapap3</i> and pathological grooming in humans: Results from the OCD collaborative genetics study
Bienvenu, O. J., Wang, Y., Shugart, Y. Y., Welch, J. M., Grados, M. A., Fyer, A. J., Rauch, S. L., McCracken, J. T., Rasmussen, S. A., Murphy, D. L., et al. (2009) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30897 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Overall, K. L., & Dunham, A. E. (2002) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.2002.221.1445 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Multiple rare SAPAP3 missense variants in trichotillomania and OCD
Züchner, S., Wendland, J. R., Ashley-Koch, A. E., Collins, A. L., Tran-Viet, K. N., Quinn, K., Timpano, K. C., Cuccaro, M. L., Pericak-Vance, M. A., Steffens, D. C., et al. (2009) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2008.83 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Ethology: The Mechanisms and Evolution of Behavior
Gould, J. L. (1982) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Natural animal models of human psychiatric conditions: assessment of mechanism and validity
Overall, K. L. (2000) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0278-5846(00)00104-4 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Keuthen, N., Deckersbach, T., Wilhelm, S., Hale, E., Fraim, C., Lee, B.-E., O'Sullivan, R. L., & Jenike, M. (2000) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.41.3.210 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
The Development of Grooming and Its Expression in Adult Animalsa
Sachs, B. D. (1988) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb38591.x · Cited by 172 · see citing works
O'Sullivan, R. L., Rauch, S. L., Breiter, H. C., Grachev, I. D., Baer, L., Kennedy, D. N., Keuthen, N. J., Savage, C. R., Manzo, P. A., Caviness, V. S., et al. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00297-1 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Buhlmann, U., Etcoff, N. L., & Wilhelm, S. (2007) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.05.004 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Affective correlates of trichotillomania.
Diefenbach, G., Mouton-Odum, S., & Stanley, M. A. (2002) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00006-2 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Issues for DSM-V: How Should Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Be Classified?
Mataix‐Cols, D., Pertusa, A., & Leckman, J. F. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07040568 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Skapinakis, P., Papatheodorou, T., & Mavreas, V. G. (2006) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2006.07.002 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism of Women With Trichotillomania
Swedo, S. E. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810330052008 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Schaun Korff, A., & Harvey, B. H. (2006) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2006.02.007 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Skin picking as a symptom of body dysmorphic disorder.
Phillips, K. A., & Taub, S. L. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationRauch, S. L., Phillips, K. A., Segal, E., Makris, N., Shin, L. M., Whalen, P. J., Jenike, M. A., Caviness, V. S., Jr, & Kennedy, D. N. (2003) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(02)00117-8 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationLenane, M., Swedo, S., Rapoport, J., Leonard, H., Sceery, W., & Guroff, J. (1992) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01966.x · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Gilbert, A. R., Mataix‐Cols, D., Almeida, J., Lawrence, N., Nutche, J. J., Diwadkar, V. A., Keshavan, M. S., & Phillips, M. L. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.12.223 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Effects of lesions of globus pallidus on species-typical display behavior of squirrel monkeys
MacLean, P. D. (1978) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(78)90597-8 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Estrogen Deficient Male Mice Develop Compulsive Behavior
Hill, R., McInnes, K. J., Gong, E. C. H., Jones, M. E. E., Simpson, E. R., & Boon, W. C. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.012 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The Control of Feather Pecking by Serotonin.
van Hierden, Y. M., de Boer, S. F., Koolhaas, J. M., & Korte, S. M. (2004) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.118.3.575 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Near-Fatal Skin Picking From Delusional Body Dysmorphic Disorder Responsive to Fluvoxamine
O’sullivan, R. L., Phillips, K. A., Keuthen, N. J., & Wilhelm, S. (1999) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(99)71276-4 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationEmotion regulation and trichotillomania: a comparison of clinical and nonclinical hair pulling.
Diefenbach, G., Tolin, D., Meunier, S. A., & Worhunsky, P. (2008) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.09.002 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Compulsive Feather Picking in Birds
Grindlinger, H. M. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810330081012 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Pathologic hairpulling, skin picking, and nail biting.
Bohne, A., Keuthen, N., & Wilhelm, S. (2005) · Annals of clinical psychiatry : official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists · doi:10.1080/10401230500295354 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Progressive degradation of serial grooming chains by descending decerebration
Berridge, K. C. (1989) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(89)80119-6 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The organization and control of grooming in cats
Eckstein, R. A., & Hart, B. L. (2000) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/s0168-1591(00)00094-0 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
An Open-Label, Flexible-Dose Study of Olanzapine in the Treatment of Trichotillomania
Stewart, R. S., & Nejtek, V. A. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v64n0110 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Regional brain volumes and symptom severity in body dysmorphic disorder
Feusner, J. D., Townsend, J. D., Bystritsky, A., McKinley, M., Moller, H., & Bookheimer, S. Y. (2009) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.12.003 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficacy of clomipramine in the treatment of canine compulsive disorder
Hewson, C. J., Luescher, U. A., Parent, J. M., et al. (1998) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.1998.213.12.1760 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Is Olfactory Reference Syndrome an Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorder?
Stein, D. J., Roux, L. L., Bouwer, C., & van Heerden, B. (1998) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.10.1.96 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Addicted to Hair Pulling? How an Alternate Model of Trichotillomania May Improve Treatment Outcome
Grant, J., Odlaug, B., & Potenza, M. (2007) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10673220701298407 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Feather picking disorder and trichotillomania: an avian model of human psychopathology.
Bordnick, P., Thyer, B., & Ritchie, B. (1994) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)90019-1 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Antibacterial properties of saliva: Role in maternal periparturient grooming and in licking wounds
Hart, B. L., & Powell, K. L. (1990) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(90)90332-x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Preening, plumage reflectance and female choice in budgerigars
Zampiga, E., Hoi, H., & Pilastro, A. (2004) · Ethology Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1080/08927014.2004.9522625 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Chance, M. R. A. (2015) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315728186 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Phillips, K. A. (1996) · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationThe neuroethological approach to obsessive-compulsive disorder
Stein, D. J., Shoulberg, N., Helton, K., & Hollander, E. (1992) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0010-440x(92)90053-s · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Naloxone and haloperidol reduce grooming occurring as an aftereffect of novelty
Green, E. J., Isaacson, R. L., Dunn, A. J., et al. (1979) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(79)92208-8 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Marroni, S. S., Nakano, F., Gati, C. D. C., Oliveira, J. A. C., Antunes‐Rodrigues, J., & Garcia‐Cairasco, N. (2007) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4002015 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Brewer, W., Castle, D., Pantelis, C., & Doherty, P. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511543623 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Virga, V. (2003) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/s0195-5616(02)00102-x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Placebo-Controlled Clomipramine Trial for the Treatment of Feather Picking Disorder in Cockatoos
Seibert, L. M., Crowell‐Davis, S. L., Wilson, G. H., & Ritchie, B. W. (2004) · Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association · doi:10.5326/0400261 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Chosak, A., Marques, L. M., Greenberg, J. L., Jenike, E. A., Dougherty, D. D., & Wilhelm, S. (2008) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.8.8.1209 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Brain activation during implicit sequence learning in individuals with trichotillomania.
Rauch, S., Wright, C. I., Savage, C., Martis, B., McMullin, K., Wedig, M., Gold, A. L., & Keuthen, N. (2007) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.09.002 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Barbering in mice: a model for trichotillomania
Kurien, B., Gross, T., & Scofield, R. (2005) · British medical journal · doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1503 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Microbiological and histopathological features of canine acral lick dermatitis
Shumaker, A. K., Angus, J. C., Coyner, K. S., et al. (2008) · Veterinary Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2008.00693.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Grooming in Lurcher Mutant Mice
Strazielle, C., & Lalonde, R. (1998) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00014-6 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Wells, J. H., Haines, J. M., & Williams, C. L. (1998) · Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry (Print) · doi:10.3109/00048679809068328 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effects of panic disorder treatments on personality disorder characteristics
Hofmann, S. G., Shear, M. K., Barlow, D. H., Gorman, J. M., Hershberger, D., Patterson, M. D., & Woods, S. W. (1998) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1998)8:1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Delusions of Body Malodour: The Olfactory Reference Syndrome
Phillips, K. A., Gunderson, C. G., Gruber, U., et al. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511543623.020 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationWhisker trimming behaviour in A2G mice is not prevented by offering means of withdrawal from it
van den Broek, F. A. R., Omtzigt, C. M., & Beynen, A. C. (1993) · Laboratory Animals · doi:10.1258/002367793780745462 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
An Evolutionary Approach to Psychiatry
Joness, I., & Blackshaw, J. K. (2000) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2000.00704.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Animal Models for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Man, J. K. C., Hudson, A. L., Ashton, D., & Nutt, D. J. (2004) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159043476792 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Facial hair barbering in rats.
Bresnahan, J. F., Kitchell, B. B., & Wildman, M. F. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Pet Avian Conditions and Syndromes of the Most Frequently Presented Species Seen in Practice
Rosskopf, W. J., & Woerpel, R. W. (1991) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/s0195-5616(91)50132-7 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Genes, brain, and behavior: Bridging disciplines
Fossella, J., & Casey, B. J. (2006) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.6.1.1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Evidence for symbolic language processing in a bonobo (Pan paniscus)
Benson, J. D., Greaves, W. S., O’Donnell, M., et al. (2002) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Canine lick granuloma treated with radiotherapy
Owen, L. N. (1989) · Journal of Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1989.tb01605.x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Matthews, P. C. (1988) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674378803300908 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [95]Wilner P Wilner P Behavioral models in psychopharmacology Behavioral models in psychopharmacology: theoretical, industrial, and clinical perspectives Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1991 3 18
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neurobiology of rodent self-grooming and its value for translational neuroscience
Kalueff, A. V., Stewart, A. M., Song, C., Berridge, K. C., Graybiel, A. M., & Fentress, J. C. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2015.8 · Cited by 852 · see citing works
Dichter, G. S., Damiano, C. A., & Allen, J. A. (2012) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/1866-1955-4-19 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
The role of glutamate signaling in the pathogenesis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Wu, K., Hanna, G. L., Rosenberg, D. R., & Arnold, P. D. (2012) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.10.007 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Age at onset and clinical correlates in body dysmorphic disorder
Bjornsson, A. S., Didie, E. R., Grant, J. E., Menard, W., Stalker, E., & Phillips, K. A. (2013) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.019 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Self-citationEctoparasite defence in humans: Relationships to pathogen avoidance and clinical implications
Kupfer, T. R., & Fessler, D. M. T. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0207 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Yang, X. W., & Lu, X.-H. (2011) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e32834451fb · Cited by 36 · see citing works
- Authors
- Feusner, J. D., Hembacher, E., & Phillips, K. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Brown University (US)
- Venue
- CNS Spectrums
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 503-513
- ISSN
- 1092-8529 (ISSN-L)
- 2165-6509
- PMC
- PMC2853748
- OpenAlex
- W2143659648
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- CNS Spectrums (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (L30 MH081669, K23MH079212, K24MH063975)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- obsessive-compulsive disorder, trichotillomania, body dysmorphic disorder, olfactory reference syndrome, skin picking disorder, onychophagia
- MeSH terms
- Alopecia, Animals, Birds, Body Image, Compulsive Behavior, Dermatitis, Feathers, Grooming, Humans, Smell, Trichotillomania, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
