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Cited by 351Schizophrenia research and treatmentNeurological disorders and treatmentsNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

The basal ganglia and cognitive pattern generators

Graybiel, A. M.·1997·Schizophrenia Bulletin
DOI 10.1093/schbul/23.3.459
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Abstract

This article introduces the notion of cognitive pattern generators and suggests, by analogy with the central pattern generators of the motor system, that these pattern generators operate to organize neural activity underlying aspects of action-oriented cognition. It is further proposed that the basal ganglia are involved in the control of cognitive as well as motor pattern generators. Disorders of the basal ganglia may thereby contribute to neural circuit dysfunctions that are expressed as positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

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Crossref · 10.1093/schbul/23.3.459

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88 of 88 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The loop between the cortex and the basal ganglia is important for learning and generating sequences of motor actions in the loop with the motor cortex and sequences of thoughts in the loop with the prefrontal cortex.

    “The outer loop of the transformer is reminiscent of the loop between the cortex and the basal ganglia in brains, known to be important for learning and generating sequences of motor actions in the loop with the motor cortex (see Figure 5) and sequences of thoughts in the loop with the prefrontal cortex (Graybiel, 1997).”

    From Large Language Models and the Reverse Turing Test (2023) · cites this paper as Graybiel, 1997

  • The outer loop of the transformer is reminiscent of the loop between the cortex and the basal ganglia in brains.

    “The outer loop of the transformer is reminiscent of the loop between the cortex and the basal ganglia in brains, known to be important for learning and generating sequences of motor actions in the loop with the motor cortex (see Figure 5) and sequences of thoughts in the loop with the prefrontal cortex (Graybiel, 1997).”

    From Large Language Models and the Reverse Turing Test (2023) · cites this paper as Graybiel, 1997

  • The great expansion of the prefrontal cortex in humans allowed sequences of thoughts to be generated by similar loops through the basal ganglia.

    “The great expansion of the prefrontal cortex in humans allowed sequences of thoughts to be generated by similar loops through the basal ganglia (Graybiel, 1997).”

    From Large Language Models and the Reverse Turing Test (2023) · cites this paper as Graybiel, 1997

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Authors
Graybiel, A. M.
Affiliations
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author
Graybiel, A. M.
ORCID
Graybiel, A. M.
Venue
Schizophrenia Bulletin
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1997-01-01
Volume
23
Issue
3
Pages
459-469
ISSN
  • 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
  • 1745-1701
DOI
10.1093/schbul/23.3.459
OpenAlex
W2160643956
Cited by
351
References
88
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
FWCI
12.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01da008037-06)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA08037)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 25529)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords
basal ganglia
MeSH terms
Attention, Basal Ganglia, Basal Ganglia Diseases, Brain Mapping, Cognition Disorders, Dopamine, Humans, Motivation, Nerve Net, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology

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