Sapap3 and pathological grooming in humans: Results from the OCD collaborative genetics study

Bienvenu, O.J.; Wang, Y.; Shugart, Y.Y.; Welch, J.M.; Grados, M.A.; Fyer, A.J.; Rauch, S.L.; McCracken, J.T.; Rasmussen, S.A.; Murphy, D.L.; Cullen, B.; Valle, D.; Hoehn‐Saric, R.; Greenberg, B.D.; Pinto, A.; Knowles, J.A.; Piacentini, J.; Pauls, D.L.; Liang, K.Y.; Willour, V.L.; Riddle, M.; Samuels, J.F.; Feng, G.; Nestadt, G.

doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30897

Cited by 207Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum DisordersGenetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersSchizophrenia research and treatment

Sapap3 and pathological grooming in humans: Results from the OCD collaborative genetics study

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Bienvenu, O.J., Wang, Y., Shugart, Y.Y., Welch, J.M., Grados, M.A., Fyer, A.J., Rauch, S.L., McCracken, J.T. +16 more·2009·American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics

DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30897PMC PMC10885776

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Abstract

SAP 90/PSD95‐a ssociated p rotein (SAPAP) family proteins are post‐synaptic density (PSD) components that interact with other proteins to form a key scaffolding complex at excitatory (glutamatergic) synapses. A recent study found that mice with a deletion of the Sapap3 gene groomed themselves excessively, exhibited increased anxiety‐like behaviors, and had cortico‐striatal synaptic defects, all of which were preventable with lentiviral‐mediated expression of Sapap3 in the striatum; the behavioral abnormalities were also reversible with fluoxetine. In the current study, we sought to determine whether variation within the human Sapap3 gene was associated with grooming disorders (GDs: pathologic nail biting, pathologic skin picking, and/or trichotillomania) and/or obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) in 383 families thoroughly phenotyped for OCD genetic studies. We conducted family‐based association analyses using the FBAT and GenAssoc statistical packages. Thirty‐two percent of the 1,618 participants met criteria for a GD, and 65% met criteria for OCD. Four of six SNPs were nominally associated (P < 0.05) with at least one GD (genotypic relative risks: 1.6–3.3), and all three haplotypes were nominally associated with at least one GD (permuted P < 0.05). None of the SNPs or haplotypes were significantly associated with OCD itself. We conclude that Sapap3 is a promising functional candidate gene for human GDs, though further work is necessary to confirm this preliminary evidence of association. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Rare variations in the SAPAP3 gene are associated with human disorders such as hair pulling.
“The potential relevance of SAPAP3, in particular, to trichotillomania, is reinforced by the finding that rare variations in the SAPAP3 gene are associated with human disorders such as hair pulling.[23]”
From Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder) (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
A human genetics study found no association of SAPAP3 single nucleotide polymorphisms with OCD, but did find associations with grooming disorders such as pathologic skin picking, trichotillomania, and/or nail biting.
“a recent human genetics study found no association of SAPAP3 single nucleotide polymorphisms with OCD, but did find associations with grooming disorders such as pathologic skin picking, trichotillomania, and/or nail biting 94.”
From DISSECTING OCD CIRCUITS: FROM ANIMAL MODELS TO TARGETED TREATMENTS: Review: Dissecting OCD Circuits: Animals to Treatments (2015) · cites this paper as [94]
Pathological body care such as nail biting seems to be associated with SAPAP3 mutations.
“Particularly pathological body care such as nail biting seems to be associated with SAPAP3 mutations [8].”
From Projection-specific deficits in synaptic transmission in adult Sapap3-knockout mice (2020) · cites this paper as [8]

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Pinto A, Greenberg BD, Rasmussen SA, Grados M, Stout RL, Murphy DL, Hasler G, Samuels J, Fyer AJ, Pauls D, Knowles JA, McCracken J, Piacentini J, Riddle M, Rauch SL, Willour VL, Cullen B, Bienvenu OJ, Shugart YY, Liang KY, Hoehn-Saric R, Wang Y, Nestadt G. (in press). Replication and familiality of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptom dimensions in the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study. Psychiatry Res.

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“Mutations in the Sapap3 gene, which encodes the synapse-associated protein 90/ postsynaptic density-95-associated protein, have been associated with TS, pathological grooming disorders, and OCD in humans (Bienvenu et al., 2009; Züchner et al., 2009; Crane et al., 2011).”
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“[22] The potential relevance of SAPAP3, in particular, to trichotillomania, is reinforced by the finding that rare variations in the SAPAP3 gene are associated with human disorders such as hair pulling.[23] The hoxb8 gene is ordinarily expressed in mice orbitofrontal cortex and striatum, regions also heavily implicate…”
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Self-citation

Authors: Bienvenu, O. J., Wang, Y., Shugart, Y. Y., Welch, J. M., Grados, M. A., Fyer, A. J., Rauch, S. L., McCracken, J. T., Rasmussen, S. A., Murphy, D. L., Cullen, B., Valle, D., Hoehn‐Saric, R., Greenberg, B. D., Pinto, A., Knowles, J. A., Piacentini, J., Pauls, D. L., Liang, K. Y., Willour, V. L., Riddle, M., Samuels, J. F., Feng, G., & Nestadt, G.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
Duke Medical Center (US)
New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
Harvard University (US)
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Butler Hospital (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Bienvenu, O.J.
ORCID: Bienvenu, O.J.
Shugart, Y.Y.
Grados, M.A.
Fyer, A.J.
Rauch, S.L.
McCracken, J.T.
Rasmussen, S.A.
Cullen, B.
Valle, D.
Greenberg, B.D.
Piacentini, J.
Pauls, D.L.
Liang, K.Y.
Willour, V.L.
Riddle, M.
Samuels, J.F.
Feng, G.
Nestadt, G.
Venue: American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2009-06-15
Volume: 150B
Issue: 5
Pages: 710-720
ISSN: 1552-4841 (ISSN-L)
1552-485X
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30897
PMC: PMC10885776
OpenAlex: W1992922886
Cited by: 207
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 10.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Ontario Council on Graduate Studies, Council of Ontario Universities
National Institutes of Health (5k23mh066284-03, MH50125, MH66284, RR-00052)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH64543, R01MH050214, K23MH064543, MH66284, K23-MH066284, R01MH079487, MH50125)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS042609, NS42609)
National Center for Research Resources (RR 000 52, M01RR000052)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Keywords: obsessive-compulsive disorder, trichotillomania, skin picking, nail biting, postsynaptic density, candidate genes, single nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotypes, family-based association, genetic susceptibility
MeSH terms: SAP90-PSD95 Associated Proteins, Adolescent, Child, Cooperative Behavior, DNA Mutational Analysis, Family, Female, Gene Frequency, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Humans, Hygiene, Male, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Linkage Disequilibrium, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

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Sapap3 and pathological grooming in humans: Results from the OCD collaborative genetics study

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