Back to basics: could behavioural therapy be a good treatment option for youth depression? A critical review
Abstract
AIM: Recent findings from systematic reviews and primary research studies have shown more modest effects of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for youth depression than previously shown, highlighting the need to further enhance the effectiveness of this intervention, or components of this intervention. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the work that has been done to identify the different components of CBT and their varying effectiveness for young people with depression. METHODS: Narrative overview of English language reviews/meta-analyses and primary intervention studies retrieved from searches of computerized databases as well as ancestry searches. RESULTS: Reviews of intervention studies of adults as well as young people with depression have shown that behavioural approaches are equally as effective as cognitive approaches in reducing depression symptoms. Post-hoc analyses of large studies in youth depression have also shown that behavioural approaches might be more suitable for young people. CONCLUSIONS: Behaviourally based approaches appear promising in treating youth depression; however, further research is required. This research will represent an essential step towards refining interventions for youth depression, and enabling interventions to be targeted to particular subgroups, to optimize their effectiveness.
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More than 80% of published studies on the treatment of youth depression involve CBT.
“More than 80% of published studies on the treatment of youth depression involve CBT (Hetrick et al., 2015).”
From A hope intervention for adolescents: a randomized controlled trial delivered by paraprofessionals (2025) · cites this paper as Hetrick et al., 2015
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Hetrick, S. E., Berk, M., Dean, O. M., Chanen, A., McGorry, P., Cotton, S. M., Torok, M., Catania, L. S., Davey, C. G., & Witt, K. G. (2026) · European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-026-03032-4
“Factors theorised to influence CBT skill acquisition— such as age (as a proxy for cognitive, emotional, and social maturity) [16 ], sex/gender [ 37], previous depressive episodes (as a proxy for cognitive flexibility) [ 38], and previous psychiatric treatment (as a proxy for exposure to psycho -…”
Self-citationKumar, G. M., Kathale, K., Rajratan, & Gupta, S. (2025) · Indian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.4103/iopn.iopn_64_25
Sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve adolescent depression: A pragmatic clinical trial
He, Y., Xian, Y., Li, X., Qiu, T., Jiang, X., Wang, T., Wen, Y., Qin, B., Teng, T., Li, Y., et al. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121511
- Authors
- Hetrick, S. E., Cox, G. R., Fisher, C. A., Bhar, S. S., Rice, S. M., Davey, C. G., & Parker, A. G.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Royal Children's Hospital (AU)
- Swinburne University of Technology (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Hetrick, Sarah E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Early Intervention in Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-04-04
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 93-99
- ISSN
- 1751-7885 (ISSN-L)
- 1751-7893
- OpenAlex
- W1670066690
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Early Intervention in Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- adolescent depression, cognitive behavioral therapy, behavior therapy, treatment effectiveness, adolescents, depression symptom reduction
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child Health Services, Depression, Humans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Adolescent Health Services
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