The bilingual effect on Boston Naming Test performance
Open accessAbstract
The present study aimed to determine how older bilingual subjects' naming performance is affected by their knowledge of two languages. Twenty-nine aging (mean age = 74.0; SD = 7.1) Spanish–English bilinguals were asked to name all pictures in the Boston Naming Test (BNT) first in their dominant language and then in their less-dominant language. Bilinguals with similar naming scores in each language, or relatively balanced bilinguals, named more pictures correctly when credited for producing a correct name in either language. Balanced bilinguals also named fewer pictures in their dominant language than unbalanced bilinguals, and named more pictures correctly in both languages if the pictures had cognate names (e.g., dart is dardo in Spanish). Unbalanced bilinguals did not benefit from the alternative (either-language) scoring procedure and showed cognate effects only in their nondominant language. These findings may help to guide the interpretation of neuropsychological data for the purpose of determining cognitive status in older bilinguals and can be used to develop models of bilingual language processing. Bilinguals' ability to name pictures reflects their experience with word forms in both languages. (JINS, 2007, 13, 197–208.)
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On tasks requiring picture naming, bilinguals respond more slowly and with lower accuracy than monolinguals.
“On picture-naming tasks, bilingual participants are slower [25–28] and less accurate [29, 30] than monolinguals.”
From Bilingualism: consequences for mind and brain (2012) · cites this paper as [29]
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Bilingualism affects picture naming but not picture classification
Gollan, T. H., Montoya, R. I., Fennema-Notestine, C., & Morris, S. K. (2005) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03193224 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Self-citationVerbal fluency and repetition skills in healthy older Spanish-English bilinguals
Rosselli, M., Ardila, A., Araujo, K., Weekes, V. A., Caracciolo, V., Padilla, M., & Ostrosky-Solí, F. (2000) · Applied Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15324826an0701_3 · Cited by 294 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, bilingualism also entails some processing costs, including reduced verbal fluency scores (Gollan et al., 2002; Rosselli et al., 2000) and lower BNT scores (Roberts et al.”
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Bilingualism: consequences for mind and brain
Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., & Luk, G. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.03.001 · Cited by 1,386 · see citing works
Cognitive control and lexical access in younger and older bilinguals.
Bialystok, E., Craik, F., & Luk, G. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.34.4.859 · Cited by 925 · see citing works
Gollan, T. H., & Ferreira, V. S. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0014981 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Self-citationLexical access in bilinguals: effects of vocabulary size and executive control
Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., & Luk, G. (2008) · Journal of Neurolinguistics · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroling.2007.07.001 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Gollan, T. H., Salmon, D. P., Montoya, R. I., & Galasko, D. R. (2011) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.09.041 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Working memory in multilingual children: Is there a bilingual effect?
Engel de Abreu, P. M. J. (2011) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2011.590504 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Receptive vocabulary differences in monolingual and bilingual adults
BIALYSTOK, E., & LUK, G. (2012) · Bilingualism Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/s136672891100040x · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Sustained and transient language control in the bilingual brain
Wang, Y., Kuhl, P. K., Chen, C., & Dong, Q. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.055 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
- Authors
- GOLLAN, T. H., FENNEMA-NOTESTINE, C., MONTOYA, R. I., & JERNIGAN, T. L.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Venue
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2007-02-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 197-208
- ISSN
- 1355-6177 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7661
- OpenAlex
- W2049381246
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 4.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.escholarship.org
- Locations
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Office of Research and Development
- National Institute on Aging (P50AG005131, P50-AG05131)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (DC-00191)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- bilingualism, Boston Naming Test, picture naming, older adults, Spanish-English bilinguals, language dominance, cognate words, neuropsychological assessment, bilingual language processing, cognitive aging
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Paired-Associate Learning, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Semantics, Multilingualism
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