Verbal fluency and repetition skills in healthy older Spanish-English bilinguals
Abstract
The influence of bilingualism on cognitive test performance in older adults has received limited attention in the neuropsychology literature. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of bilingualism on verbal fluency and repetition tests in older Hispanic bilinguals. Eighty-two right-handed participants (28 men and 54 women) with a mean age of 61.76 years (SD = 9.30; range = 50-84) and a mean educational level of 14.8 years (SD = 3.6; range 2-23) were selected. Forty-five of the participants were English monolinguals, 18 were Spanish monolinguals, and 19 were Spanish-English bilinguals. Verbal fluency was tested by electing a verbal description of a picture and by asking participants to generate words within phonemic and semantic categories. Repetition was tested using a sentence-repetition test. The bilinguals' test scores were compared to English monolinguals' and Spanish monolinguals' test scores. Results demonstrated equal performance of bilingual and monolingual participants in all tests except that of semantic verbal fluency. Bilinguals who learned English before age 12 performed significantly better on the English repetition test and produced a higher number of words in the description of a picture than the bilinguals who learned English after age 12. Variables such as task demands, language interference, linguistic mode, and level of bilingualism are addressed in the Discussion section.
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Bilinguals display consistent deficits on verbal fluency measures, especially semantic fluency, even if they may answer in either language.
“Performance on these tasks reveals systematic deficits for bilingual participants, particularly in semantic fluency conditions [33–37], even if responses can be provided in either language [38].”
From Bilingualism: consequences for mind and brain (2012) · cites this paper as [37]
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“For instance, when speaking in L1, bilinguals are slower and produce fewer words than monolinguals (Gollan, Montoya, Fennema-Notestine, & Morris, 2005; Gollan, Montoya, Cera, & Sandoval, 2008; Gollan et al., 2011; Ivanova & Costa, 2008; Portocarrero, Burright, & Donovick, 2007; Rosselli et al., 2000; Sadat, Martin, Al…”
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“On the one hand, this outcome is consistent with previous observations that monolinguals outperform bilinguals in verbal fluency tasks (Rosselli et al., 2000; Gollan et al., 2002).”
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A CROSS-LINGUISTIC COMPARISON OF VERBAL FLUENCY TESTS
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“This article reports a secondary analysis of previously presented data (Rosselli et al., 2000), which were collected to study the impact of bilingualism on verbal fluency (semantic and phonologic) and repetition tests in a bilingual and monolingual elderly sample.”
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“Other researchers, however, did not find significant differences between monolinguals and bilinguals (Bialystok, Craik, & Luk, 2008; Friesen, Luo, Luk, & Bialystok, 2014; Luo, Luk, & Bialystok, 2010) or between the bilinguals’ languages (Roberts & Dorze, 1997; Rosselli et al., 2000).”
BackgroundResultExecutive function and bilingualism in young and older adults
Kousaie, S. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00250 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“Although, others have found a disadvantage for bilinguals on category fluency (Rosselli et al., 2000; Gollan et al., 2002), likely due to the reliance of the category fluency task on linguistic representations.”
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Gollan, T. H., Montoya, R. I., & Bonnani, M. (2005) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.19.3.278 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
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“However, studies have shown that bilinguals perform poorly on tasks involving lexical access (Gollan, Montoya, & Werner, 2002; Ransdell & Fischler, 1989; Rosselli et al., 2000), and based on the current study, it appears that there may also be a bilingual disadvantage for memory retrieval – in the case of verbal mater…”
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“The ENI has been widely used in Mexico, the rest of Latin America, as well as with Hispanic children in the United States (17).”
BackgroundNeuroanatomical Evidence in Support of the Bilingual Advantage Theory
Olulade, O. A., Jamal, N. I., Koo, D. S., Perfetti, C. A., LaSasso, C. J., & Eden, G. F. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv152 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“Key words: bilingual advantage, bimodal bilingual, executive control, unimodal bilingual, voxel-based morphometry”
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“13 Combining verbal tasks with inhibitory control, however, results in a net positive effect of bilingualism.”
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Bilingual verbal and nonverbal creative behavior
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“Further, the reduced scores on letter and category fluency tests were found for both college-age bilinguals and older bilingual adults (Gollan et al., 2002; Rosselli et al., 2000).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLanguage experience changes language and cognitive ability
Bialystok, E., & Poarch, G. J. (2014) · Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s11618-014-0491-8 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“Performance on this condition is an index of vocabulary size and semantic structure, and consistent with receptive vocabulary scores, bilinguals generally produce fewer words than monolinguals (Portocarrero et al. 2007; Gollan et al. 2002; Rosselli et al. 2000).”
Early stage second-language learning improves executive control: Evidence from ERP
Sullivan, M. D., Janus, M., Moreno, S., Astheimer, L. B., & Bialystok, E. (2014) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2014.10.004 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“Behavioral studies of verbal fluency have shown that bilinguals generally produce fewer words than monolinguals (Bialystok, Craik, & Luk, 2008; Gollan, Montoya, & Werner, 2002; Rosselli et al., 2000).”
BackgroundWhy is lexical retrieval slower for bilinguals? Evidence from picture naming
Sullivan, M. D., Poarch, G. J., & Bialystok, E. (2017) · Bilingualism Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/s1366728917000694 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“Bilinguals show poorer performance than monolinguals on picture naming (for adults: Gollan, Montoya, Fennema-Notestine & Morris, 2005; Gollan, Montoya, Cera & Sandoval, 2008; Gollan, Slattery, Goldenberg, van Assche, Duyck & Rayner, 2011; Ivanova & Costa, 2008; for children: Poarch & Van Hell, 2012a) and verbal fluenc…”
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The influence of proficiency and language combination on bilingual lexical access
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“Similarly, Rosselli et al. (Rosselli, Ardila, Araujo, Weekes, Caracciolo, Padilla & Ostrosky Solís, 2000) examined monolingual Spanish and English speakers and bilingual Spanish–English speakers who performed phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tasks.”
BackgroundWorking memory and verbal fluency in simultaneous interpreters
Stavrakaki, S., Megari, K., Kosmidis, M. H., Apostolidou, M. K., & Takou, E. (2012) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2012.667068 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“Indeed, many studies on second-language learning show that performance on verbal fluency is a reliable measure of secondlanguage ability (see, among others, Andreou, Andreou, & Vlachos, 2005; Rosselli et al., 2000; Schmidt, 1992).”
BackgroundA cross-linguistic comparison of category verbal fluency test (ANIMALS): a systematic review
Ardila, A. (2019) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acz060 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“A decreased performance has been usually reported (Gollan, Montoya, & Werner, 2002; Portocarrero, Burright, & Donovick, 2007; Rosselli et al., 2000, 2002).”
BackgroundKaushanskaya, M., Blumenfeld, H. K., & Marian, V. (2011) · International Journal of Bilingualism · doi:10.1177/1367006911403201 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“…(who acquire their second language/L2 after acquiring their native language/L1), tested in their second language, score lower on vocabulary measures than their monolingual peers (e.g., Kohnert, Hernandez, & Bates, 1998; Roberts, Garcia, Desrochers, & Hernandez, 2002; Rosselli et al., 2000).”
BackgroundThe Impact of Culture on Neuropsychological Test Performance
Uzzell, B. P., Pontón, M. O., & Ardila, A. (2007) · doi:10.4324/9780203936290-6 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The bilingual effect on Boston Naming Test performance
GOLLAN, T. H., FENNEMA-NOTESTINE, C., MONTOYA, R. I., & JERNIGAN, T. L. (2007) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617707070038 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
“However, bilingualism also entails some processing costs, including reduced verbal fluency scores (Gollan et al., 2002; Rosselli et al., 2000) and lower BNT scores (Roberts et al.”
BackgroundSame or different? Semantic verbal fluency across Spanish-speakers from different countries
Ostrosky‐Solís, F., GUTIERREZ, A., Flores, M., & Ardila, A. (2007) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1016/j.acn.2007.01.011 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“, 2002), between bilingual English-Spanish-speakers (Bethlehem, de Picciotto, & Watt, 2003; de Picciotto & Friedland, 2001; Rosselli et al., 2000), as well as on different cultures (Bradley, Torner, Fisher, & Aharon-Peretz, 2001; González, Mungas and Haan, 2005; Kempler, Teng, Dick, Taussig, & Davis, 1998; Ramirez et…”
BackgroundInfluentialPerformance difference in verbal fluency in bilingual and monolingual speakers
Patra, A., Bose, A., & Marinis, T. (2019) · Bilingualism Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/s1366728918001098 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Higby, E., Kim, J., & Obler, L. K. (2013) · Annual Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1017/s0267190513000081 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“The authors support this claim by the fact that bilinguals show poorer performance on semantic fluency tasks whereas sometimes no difference between bilinguals and monolinguals is found on letter fluency tasks (Gollan et al., 2002; Rosselli et al., 2000; however, see Sandoval et al., 2010).”
BackgroundCervenka, M. C., Boatman‐Reich, D., Ward, J., Franaszczuk, P. J., & Crone, N. E. (2011) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2011.00013 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“, 1996); (2) for Spanish/English speakers (Kohnert et al., 1998; Rosselli et al., 2000) comparing Spanish and English performance; and (3) for Spanish/English speakers, examining English performance alone (Roberts et al.”
BackgroundAcevedo, A., Krueger, K. R., Navarro, E., Ortiz, F., Manly, J. J., Padilla-Vélez, M. M., Weıntraub, S., López, O. L., & Mungas, D. (2009) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0b013e318193e376 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The effect of childhood bilingualism on episodic and semantic memory tasks
Kormi‐Nouri, R., SHOJAEI, R., Moniri, S., Gholami, A. R., Moradi, A., Zardkhaneh, S. A., & Nilsson, L. (2008) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2008.00633.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Normal and abnormal aging in bilinguals
Ardila, A., & Ramos, E. (2008) · Dementia & Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1590/s1980-57642009dn20400002 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“Rosselli et al.21 analyzed the performance of Spanish-English bilinguals on the Stroop Test.”
BackgroundInfluentialFirst-language decline in healthy aging: implications for attrition in bilingualism
Goral, M. (2003) · Journal of Neurolinguistics · doi:10.1016/s0911-6044(03)00052-6 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“To date, only a few studies have focused on processes of language acquisition and attrition in older bilinguals (Clyne, 1977; De Bot & Toke, 1986; Obler et al., 1986; Rosselli et al., 2000).”
BackgroundKormi‐Nouri, R., Moradi, A., MORADI, S., Zardkhaneh, S. A., & ZAHEDIAN, H. (2010) · Bilingualism Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/s1366728910000192 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“The children generated words orally, and their responses were recorded on tape, and also written down by the experimenters on special forms.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialRosselli, M., Ardila, A., Jurado, M., & Salvatierra, J. (2014) · International Journal of Bilingualism · doi:10.1177/1367006912466313 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“The bilingual participants also completed a five-point rating scale on how well they understood and spoke each of their two languages (Rosselli et al., 2000; Rosselli et al., 2002).”
BackgroundResultVisuospatial perspective-taking in conversation and the role of bilingual experience
Ryskin, R. A., Brown‐Schmidt, S., Canseco-Gonzalez, E., Yiu, L. K., & Nguyen, E. T. (2014) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2014.04.003 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“…demonstrate delays and more errors, as compared to monolinguals, in verbal fluency tasks (Bialystok et al., 2008; Gollan, Montoya, & Werner, 2002; Rosselli et al., 2000), as well as in picture naming tasks (Gollan, Montoya, Fennema-Notestine, & Morris, 2005; Kaplan, Goodglass, & Weintraub, 1983;…”
BackgroundCharacterizing the Bilingual Disadvantage in Noun Phrase Production
Sadat, J., Martin, C. D., Alario, F. ‐., & Costa, A. (2011) · Journal of Psycholinguistic Research · doi:10.1007/s10936-011-9183-1 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Bilingual adult speakers show disadvantages in various speech production laboratory tasks (Bialystok, Craik, & Luk, 2008; Gollan & Silverberg, 2001; Gollan & Acenas, 2004; Gollan, Montoya, & Werner, 2002; Portocarrero et al., 2007; Rosselli et al., 2000; Rosselli & Ardila, 2002).”
BackgroundCosta, A., Calabria, M., Marne, P., Hernández, M., Juncadella, M., Gascón‐Bayarri, J., Lleó, A., Ortiz‐Gil, J., Ugas, L., Blesa, R., et al. (2012) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.01.008 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Neuropsychological Performance of Native versus Non-native English Speakers
Kisser, J., Wendell, C. R., Spencer, R. J., & Waldstein, S. R. (2012) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acs082 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“For instance, bilingual Spanish-English individuals performed as well as monolinguistic English speakers on verbal fluency and repetition tests administered in English (Rosselli et al., 2000).”
BackgroundSemantic verbal fluency in two contrasting languages
Pekkala, S., Goral, M., Hyun, J., Obler, L. K., Erkinjuntti, T., & Albert, M. L. (2009) · Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics · doi:10.1080/02699200902839800 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
9. L1 Attrition and the Mental Lexicon
Schmid, M. S., & Köpke, B. (2009) · Multilingual Matters eBooks · doi:10.21832/9781847691262-011 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
The MINT Sprint: Exploring a Fast Administration Procedure with an Expanded Multilingual Naming Test
Garcia, D. L., & Gollan, T. H. (2021) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617721001004 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Several studies used letter and semantic verbal fluency tasks to measure proficiency (Miranda et al., 2016; Rosselli et al., 2000; Zirnstein et al., 2018), and some have suggested that semantic fluency is especially “culturally fair” (Ardila & Moreno, 2001; Pekkala et al., 2009), while letter…”
BackgroundThe Nature of Lexical-Semantic Access in Bilingual Aphasia
Kiran, S., Balachandran, I., & Lucas, J. (2014) · Behavioural Neurology · doi:10.1155/2014/389565 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Blumenfeld, H. K., Bobb, S. C., & Marian, V. (2016) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.3109/17549507.2015.1081288 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“category performance are consistent with previous findings (e.g. Rosselli & Ardila, 2002; Rosselli et al., 2000; Sandoval et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLanguage preference and development of dementia among bilingual individuals.
McMurtray, A. M., Saito, E. K., & Nakamoto, B. K. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Effects of Bilingualism on Cognitive and Linguistic Performance across the Lifespan
Bialystok, E. (2009) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-531-91596-8_4 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The Nature of Exposure and Input in Early Bilingualism
Armon-Lotem, S., & Meir, N. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316831922.011 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The Role of Verb Fluency in the Detection of Early Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alegret, M., Peretó, M., Pérez, A., Valero, S., Espinosa, A., Ortega, G., Hernández, I., Mauleon, A., Rosende-Roca, M., Vargas, L., et al. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170826 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Second language immersion impacts native language lexical production and comprehension
Botezatu, M. R., Kroll, J. F., Trachsel, M. I., & Guo, T. (2020) · Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism · doi:10.1075/lab.19059.bot · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Bimodal Bilingualism and the Frequency-Lag Hypothesis
Emmorey, K. D., Petrich, J. A. F., & Gollan, T. H. (2012) · The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education · doi:10.1093/deafed/ens034 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Verbal Fluency in Bilingual Spanish/English Alzheimer's Disease Patients
Salvatierra, J. L., Rosselli, M., Acevedo, A., & Duara, R. (2007) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/1533317507301792 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Older Spanish/English bilinguals perform worse than monolinguals on semantic fluency, but not on letter fluency, in both the preferred and nonpreferred language.(9) Similarly, using a younger sample of Spanish/English bilinguals, Gollan, Montoya, and Werner found that although the bilinguals’ performance tended to be…”
ResultDelcenserie, A., Genesee, F. H., & Gauthier, K. (2012) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716411000865 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Performance on tests of sentence recall has been shown to be sensitive to age of acquisition effects in both L1 and L2 learners (French & O’Brien, 2008; Jessop, Suzuki & Tomita, 2007; Mayberry & Fisher, 1989; Rosselli et al., 2000; Vinther, 2002), and it is, in part, for this reason that we are hypothesizing that it i…”
BackgroundLanguage Organization in the Bilingual and Multilingual Brain
Maschio, N. D., & Abutalebi, J. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119387725.ch9 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Alonso, J. G., Villegas, J., & Mayo, M. D. P. G. (2016) · Second language Research · doi:10.1177/0267658316642819 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“, 2002) and (healthy) older adults (Rosselli et al., 2000).”
Verbal fluency tests: Developing a new model of administration and scoring for Spanish language
Olabarrieta‐Landa, L., Torre, E. L., López-Mugartza, J. C., Bialystok, E., & Arango‐Lasprilla, J. C. (2017) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-162102 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Research has shown that phonological and action fluency require executive functioning and the activation of areas within the frontal lobe, while semantic fluency taps into lexical access and vocabulary, and requires participation of the temporal lobe (Luo, Luk, & Bialystok, 2010; Rosselli et al., 2000).”
Peñaloza, C., Barrett, K., & Kiran, S. (2019) · Aphasiology · doi:10.1080/02687038.2019.1666082 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Moreover, L2 AoA can modulate lexical access as bilinguals with earlier L2 learning onset outperform bilinguals with later L2 AoA in word retrieval tasks (Bethlehem, de Picciotto & Watt, 2003; Poreh & Schweiger, 2002; Rosselli et al., 2000).”
BackgroundIyer, G. K., Paplikar, A., Alladi, S., Dutt, A., Sharma, M., Mekala, S., Kaul, S., Saroja, A. O., Divyaraj, G., Ellajosyula, R., et al. (2019) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617719001127 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“…of multi/bilingualism have been shown: bilinguals exhibit an advantage to executive functions with a concomitant disadvantage to fluency and naming (Bialystok, 2010; Bialystok, Craik, & Ryan, 2006; Gollan, Montoya, Fennema-Notestine, & Morris, 2005; Rosselli et al., 2000; Singh & Mishra, 2013).”
BackgroundFluidez verbal semántica en hispanohablantes: un análisis comparativo
Ramírez, M., Solís, F. O., Fernández, A. L., & Ardila, A. (2005) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.4108.2004597 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Otros estudios se han dirigido a comparar el desempeño entre hispanos y no hispanos [34], entre sujetos bilingües inglésespañol [35-37], así como entre diferentes culturas [38-41].”
BackgroundA computational analysis of semantic structure in bilingual verbal fluency performance
Taler, V., Johns, B. T., Young, K., Sheppard, C. L., & Jones, M. N. (2013) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2013.08.004 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“In letter fluency, some studies report lower performance in bilinguals than monolinguals (Bialystok et al., 2008; Gollan et al., 2002), while others report similar performance in the two language groups (Portocarrero et al., 2007; Rosselli et al., 2000).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialDoes bilingual language control decline in older age?
Ivanova, I., Murillo, M., Montoya, R. I., & Gollan, T. H. (2016) · Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism · doi:10.1075/lab.15003.iva · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A semantic verbal fluency test for English- and Spanish-speaking older Mexican-Americans
GONZALEZ, H., Mungas, D., & Haan, M. N. (2004) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1016/j.acn.2004.06.001 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Although there are verbal fluency tests available for Spanish-speakers in other countries (Butman, Allegri, Harris, & Drake, 2000; Rosselli et al., 2000) and Latinos of Caribbean ancestry (Jacobs, Sano, Albert, & Schofield, 1997), there are few semantic verbal fluency tests with appropriate normative data for older Me…”
BackgroundWare, C., Dautricourt, S., Gonneaud, J., & Chételat, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.706672 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Nielsen, T. R., Segers, K., Vanderaspoilden, V., Bekkhus‐Wetterberg, P., Bjørkløf, G. H., Beinhoff, U., Minthon, L., Pissiota, A., Tsolaki, M., Γκιόκα, Μ., et al. (2018) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610218000832 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“…the MMSE, MoCA, and ACE-III, generally find comparable overall diagnostic accuracy for dementia (Cheung et al., 2015; Matias-Guiu et al., 2017), but less cultural and educational test bias on the RUDAS (Rosselli et al., 2000; Iype et al., 2006; Nielsen et al., 2013; Mateos-Alvarez et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMassa, E., Köpke, B., & Yagoubi, R. E. (2020) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107336 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Do bilinguals show neural differences with monolinguals when processing their native language?
Palomar‐García, M., Bueichekú, E., Ávila, C., Sanjuán, A., Strijkers, K., Ventura‐Campos, N., & Costa, A. (2015) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2015.01.004 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Bilingualism and Dementia: Cognitive Reserve to Linguistic Competency
Mendez, M. F. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-190397 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Neuropsychological Evaluation of Culturally/Linguistically Diverse Older Adults
Mindt, M. R., Arentoft, A., Coulehan, K., Summers, A. C., Tureson, K., Aghvinian, M. N., & Byrd, D. (2019) · Clinical handbooks in neuropsychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93497-6_3 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Does bilingualism influence neuropsychological test performance in older adults? A systematic review
Çelik, S., Kokje, E., Meyer, P., Frölich, L., & Teichmann, B. (2020) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2020.1788032 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rosselli, M., Ardila, A., Araujo, K., Weekes, V. A., Caracciolo, V., Padilla, M., & Ostrosky-Solí, F.
- Affiliations
- Florida Atlantic University (US)
- Venue
- Applied Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2000-03
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 17-24
- ISSN
- 0908-4282 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-4826
- OpenAlex
- W2038992093
- Cited by
- 294
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 1.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- bilingualism, older adults, verbal fluency, repetition, Spanish-English bilinguals, semantic fluency, picture description, sentence imitation, age of second language acquisition, language transfer, cognitive aging
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Cognition, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Linguistics, Male, Mental Processes, Middle Aged, Multilingualism
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