Bilingualism affects picture naming but not picture classification
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Bilinguals named pictures in their dominant language more slowly (and with more errors) than did monolinguals. In contrast, bilinguals named the same pictures as quickly as did monolinguals on the fifth presentation (in Experiment 2) and classified them (as human made or natural) as quickly and accurately as did monolinguals (in Experiment 1). In addition, bilinguals retrieved English picture names more quickly if they knew the name in both Spanish and English (on the basis of a translation test that bilinguals completed after the timed tasks), and monolingual response times for the same materials suggested that this finding was not obtained simply because names that were easier to translate were easier in general. These findings suggest that bilinguals differ from monolinguals at a postconceptual processing level, that implicit activation of lexical representations in the nontarget language can facilitate retrieval in the target language, and that being bilingual is analogous to having a lexicon full of lower frequency words, relative to monolinguals.
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On tasks requiring picture naming, bilinguals respond more slowly and with lower accuracy than monolinguals.
“On picture-naming tasks, bilingual participants are slower [25–28] and less accurate [29, 30] than monolinguals.”
From Bilingualism: consequences for mind and brain (2012) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Gollan, T. H., Montoya, R. I., Fennema-Notestine, C., & Morris, S. K.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Venue
- Memory & Cognition
- Published
- 2005-10
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1220-1234
- ISSN
- 0090-502X (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5946
- OpenAlex
- W2023637093
- Cited by
- 565
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 3.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Memory & Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Office of Research and Development
- University of California, San Diego
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH64733, R01MH064733)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (DC-00191)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- bilingualism, picture naming, word retrieval, word frequency, reaction time (psychology), monolinguals
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Psycholinguistics, Reaction Time, Mental Recall, Semantics, Verbal Learning, Vocabulary, Multilingualism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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