Cited by 155Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchHealth disparities and outcomesPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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MEASURING EVERYDAY RACIAL/ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION IN HEALTH SURVEYS: How Best to Ask the Questions, in One or Two Stages, Across Multiple Racial/Ethnic Groups?

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Shariff-Marco, Salma, Breen, Nancy, Landrine, Hope, Reeve, Bryce B., Krieger, Nancy, Gee, Gilbert C., Williams, David R., Mays, Vickie M., Ponce, Ninez A., Alegría, Margarita, Liu, Benmei, Willis, Gordon, Johnson, Timothy P.·2011·Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race

DOI 10.1017/s1742058x11000129PMC PMC5771490

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Abstract

While it is clear that self-reported racial/ethnic discrimination is related to illness, there are challenges in measuring self-reported discrimination or unfair treatment. In the present study, we evaluate the psychometric properties of a self-reported instrument across racial/ethnic groups in a population-based sample, and we test and interpret findings from applying two different widely-used approaches to asking about discrimination and unfair treatment. Even though we found that the subset of items we tested tap into a single underlying concept, we also found that different groups are more likely to report on different aspects of discrimination. Whether race is mentioned in the survey question affects both frequency and mean scores of reports of racial/ethnic discrimination. Our findings suggest caution to researchers when comparing studies that have used different approaches to measure racial/ethnic discrimination and allow us to suggest practical empirical guidelines for measuring and analyzing racial/ethnic discrimination. No less important, we have developed a self-reported measure of recent racial/ethnic discrimination that functions well in a range of different racial/ethnic groups and makes it possible to compare how racial/ethnic discrimination is associated with health disparities among multiple racial/ethnic groups.

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Authors: Shariff-Marco, S., Breen, N., Landrine, H., Reeve, B. B., Krieger, N., Gee, G. C., Williams, D. R., Mays, V. M., Ponce, N. A., Alegría, M., Liu, B., Willis, G., & Johnson, T. P.
Affiliations: National Cancer Institute (UA)
East Carolina University (US)
Harvard University (US)
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
University of Illinois Chicago (US)
ORCID: Breen, Nancy
Landrine, Hope
Reeve, Bryce B.
Krieger, Nancy
Gee, Gilbert C.
Williams, David R.
Mays, Vickie M.
Ponce, Ninez A.
Liu, Benmei
Johnson, Timothy P.
Venue: Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2011
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Pages: 159-177
ISSN: 1742-058X (ISSN-L)
1742-0598
DOI: 10.1017/s1742058x11000129
PMC: PMC5771490
OpenAlex: W2185610270
Cited by: 155
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 19.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 104 d)
Locations: Du Bois Review Social Science Research on Race (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (Z99 MD999999)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: racial and ethnic discrimination, self-reported discrimination, unfair treatment, psychometric properties, discrimination measurement, health disparities, survey question wording, cross-group comparison, health survey

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MEASURING EVERYDAY RACIAL/ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION IN HEALTH SURVEYS: How Best to Ask the Questions, in One or Two Stages, Across Multiple Racial/Ethnic Groups?

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