Retrospective and prospectively assessed childhood adversity in association with major depression, alcohol consumption and painful conditions
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Background.: Considerable evidence now links childhood adversity to a variety of adult health problems. Unfortunately, almost all of these studies have relied upon retrospective assessment of childhood events, creating a vulnerability to bias. In this study, we sought to examine three associations using data sources that allowed for both prospective and retrospective assessment of childhood events. Methods.: Methods. A 1994 national survey of children between the ages of 0 and 11 collected data from a ‘person most knowledgeable’ (usually the mother) about a child. It was possible to link data for n = 1977 of these respondents to data collected from the same people in a subsequent adult study. The latter survey included retrospective reports of childhood adversity. We examined three adult health outcomes in relation to prospectively and retrospectively assessed childhood adversity: major depressive episodes, excessive alcohol consumption and painful conditions. Results.: Results. A strong association between childhood adversities (as assessed by both retrospective and prospective methods) and major depression was identified although the association with retrospective assessment was stronger. Weaker associations were found for painful conditions, but these did not depend on the method of assessment. Associations were not found for excessive alcohol consumption irrespective of the method of assessment. Conclusions.: These findings help to allay concerns that associations between childhood adversities and health outcomes during adulthood are merely artefacts of recall bias. In this study, retrospective and prospective assessment strategies produced similar results.
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By including brain function, the findings complement prior adolescent longitudinal studies that could not prospectively resolve the childhood trauma-excessive drinking relationship.
“By including brain function, our findings further complement prior longitudinal studies in adolescent samples that have not been able to prospectively resolve the relationship between CT and excessive drinking (58,59).”
From Impact of Childhood Trauma on Executive Function in Adolescence—Mediating Functional Brain Networks and Prediction of High-Risk Drinking (2020) · cites this paper as [58]
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Adverse childhood experiences: terms, concepts, and study methods
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- Authors
- Patten, S. B., Wilkes, T. C. R., Williams, J. V. A., Lavorato, D. H., el-Guebaly, N., Schopflocher, D., Wild, C., Colman, I., & Bulloch, A. G. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Patten, S. B.
- Venue
- Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2014-01-31
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 158-165
- ISSN
- 2045-7960 (ISSN-L)
- 2045-7979
- PMC
- PMC6998119
- OpenAlex
- W2159686719
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 7.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Alberta Centre for Child, Family and Community Research
- Alberta Innovates
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- childhood adversity, major depressive disorder, alcohol consumption, recall bias, prospective evaluation
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