A growing need for youth mental health services in Canada: examining trends in youth mental health from 2011 to 2018

Wiens, K.; Bhattarai, A.; Pedram, P.; Dores, A.; Williams, J.; Bulloch, A.; Patten, S.

doi:10.1017/s2045796020000281

Cited by 285Mental Health Treatment and AccessChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

A growing need for youth mental health services in Canada: examining trends in youth mental health from 2011 to 2018

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Wiens, K., Bhattarai, A., Pedram, P., Dores, A., Williams, J., Bulloch, A., Patten, S.·2020·Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences

DOI 10.1017/s2045796020000281PMC PMC7214527

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Abstract

Aims: The mental health of youth is continually changing and requires reliable monitoring to ensure that adequate social and economic resources are allocated. This study assessed trends in mental health among Canadian youth, 12–24 years old. Specifically, we examined the prevalence of poor/fair perceived mental health, diagnosis of mood and anxiety disorders, suicidality, perceived stress and sleep problems, substance use, and mental health consultations. Methods: Data were collected from eight cycles of the annual Canadian Community Health Survey (2011–2018). Prevalence of mental health outcomes was calculated from each survey, and meta-regression was used to assess trends over time. In the absence of a significant trend over time, the eight cycles were pooled together using meta-analysis techniques to gain precision. Trends in prevalence were assessed for the overall sample of youth (12–24 years) and separately for male and female adolescents (12–18 years) and young adults (19–24 years). Results: The prevalence of poor/fair perceived mental health, diagnosed mood and anxiety disorders, and past-year mental health consultations increased from 2011 to 2018, most strongly among young adult females. Past-year suicidality increased among young adult females but did not change for other age and sex groups. Notably, the prevalence of binge drinking decreased by 2.4% per year for young adult males, 1.0% for young adult females and 0.7% per year for adolescent males, while staying relatively stable for adolescent females. Prevalence of cannabis use declined among adolescents before legalisation (2011–2017); however, this trend did not persist in 2018. Instead, the 2018 prevalence was 5.6% higher than the 2017 prevalence (16.3 v . 10.7%). The combined prevalence of other illicit drug use was stable at 4.6%; however, cocaine use and hallucinogens increased by approximately 0.2% per year. Conclusions: Our findings highlight a growing need for youth mental health services, as indicated by a rise in the prevalence of diagnosed mood and anxiety disorders and past-year mental health consultations. The reason for these observed increases is less apparent – it may represent a true rise in the prevalence of mental illness, or be an artefact of change in diagnostic practices, mental health literacy or diminishing stigma. Nonetheless, the findings indicate a need for the health care system to respond to the rising demand for mental health services among youth.

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The demand for youth mental health care has increased, and workforce and skills shortages are a major challenge globally, particularly in low-resource settings.
“The demand for youth mental health care has increased, 230,380-382 and workforce and skills shortages are a major challenge globally, particularly in low-resource settings.”
From The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on youth mental health (2024) · cites this paper as [381]

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Authors: Wiens, K., Bhattarai, A., Pedram, P., Dores, A., Williams, J., Bulloch, A., & Patten, S.
Affiliations: University of Calgary (CA)
Corresponding author: Wiens, K.
ORCID: Wiens, K.
Bhattarai, A.
Pedram, P.
Dores, A.
Williams, J.
Bulloch, A.
Patten, S.
Venue: Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2020
Volume: 29
Pages: e115-e115
ISSN: 2045-7960 (ISSN-L)
2045-7979
DOI: 10.1017/s2045796020000281
PMC: PMC7214527
OpenAlex: W3016794806
Cited by: 285
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 2
FWCI: 31.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (unspecified, 107 d)
Locations: Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Keywords: youth mental health, mental health trends, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, suicidality, perceived stress, sleep disorders, substance use, binge drinking, cannabis use, illicit drug use, mental health consultation, adolescents, young adults, sex differences, mental health services, Canadian Community Health Survey, diagnostic practices, mental health literacy, stigma, cannabis legalization, cocaine use, hallucinogens, Canada
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Mental Disorders, Canada, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Mental Health Services, Population Surveillance, Suicide, Prevalence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult

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A growing need for youth mental health services in Canada: examining trends in youth mental health from 2011 to 2018

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