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Hydrogels and Hydrogel-Derived Materials for Energy and Water Sustainability

Guo, Youhong, Bae, Jiwoong, Fang, Zhiwei, Li, Panpan, Zhao, Fei, Yu, Guihua·2020·Chemical Reviews
DOI 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00345
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Abstract

Energy and water are of fundamental importance for our modern society, and advanced technologies on sustainable energy storage and conversion as well as water resource management are in the focus of intensive research worldwide. Beyond their traditional biological applications, hydrogels are emerging as an appealing materials platform for energy- and water-related applications owing to their attractive and tailorable physiochemical properties. In this review, we highlight the highly tunable synthesis of various hydrogels, involving key synthetic elements such as monomer/polymer building blocks, cross-linkers, and functional additives, and discuss how hydrogels can be employed as precursors and templates for architecting three-dimensional frameworks of electrochemically active materials. We then present an in-depth discussion of the structure-property relationships of hydrogel materials based on fundamental gelation chemistry, ultimately targeting properties such as enhanced ionic/electronic conductivities, mechanical strength, flexibility, stimuli-responsiveness, and desirable swelling behavior. The unique interconnected porous structures of hydrogels enable fast charge/mass transport while offering large surface areas, and the polymer-water interactions can be regulated to achieve desirable water retention, absorption, and evaporation within hydrogels. Such structure-derived properties are also intimately coordinated to realize multifunctionality and stability for different target devices. The plethora of stimulating examples is expounded with a focus on batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalysts, solar water purification, and atmospheric water harvesting, which showcase the unprecedented technological potential enabled by hydrogels and hydrogel-derived materials. Finally, we study the challenges and potential ways of tackling them to reveal the underlying mechanisms and transform the current development of hydrogel materials into sustainable energy and water technologies.

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200 of 361 shown

Cited by

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Metadata

Authors
Guo, Y., Bae, J., Fang, Z., Li, P., Zhao, F., & Yu, G.
Venue
Chemical Reviews
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2020-07-08
Volume
120
Issue
15
Pages
7642-7707
ISSN
  • 0009-2665 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-6890
DOI
10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00345
OpenAlex
W3041899149
Cited by
1,395
References
27
FWCI
16.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Funders
  • Welch Foundation (F-1861)
  • Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
  • Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation
  • U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0012673)
  • Energy Institute, University of Texas at Austin

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Guo, Y., Bae, J., Fang, Z., Li, P., Zhao, F., & Yu, G. (2020). Hydrogels and Hydrogel-Derived Materials for Energy and Water Sustainability. Chemical Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00345

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