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A Review of Road Traffic-Derived Non-Exhaust Particles: Emissions, Physicochemical Characteristics, Health Risks, and Mitigation Measures
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Implementation of regulatory standards has reduced exhaust emissions of particulate matter from road traffic substantially in the developed world. However, nonexhaust particle emissions arising from the wear of brakes, tires, and the road surface, together with the resuspension of road dust, are unregulated and exceed exhaust emissions in many jurisdictions. While knowledge of the sources of nonexhaust particles is fairly good, source-specific measurements of airborne concentrations are few, and studies of the toxicology and epidemiology do not give a clear picture of the health risk posed. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge, with a strong focus on health-related research, highlighting areas where further research is an essential prerequisite for developing focused policy responses to nonexhaust particles.
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Cited by
Shi, L., Zhu, Q., Wang, Y., Hao, H., Zhang, H., Schwartz, J., Amini, H., van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V., Steenland, K., et al. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2211282119 · Cited by 145
Yoo, H., Park, P., Le, Y. T.-H., Park, S., Jung, Y.-W., Youn, J.-S., Kim, Y.-M., & Jeon, K.-J. (2025) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126991 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- Fussell, J. C., Franklin, M., Green, D. C., Gustafsson, M., Harrison, R. M., Hicks, W., Kelly, F. J., Kishta, F., Miller, M. R., Mudway, I. S., Oroumiyeh, F., Selley, L., Wang, M., & Zhu, Y.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2022-05-25
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 6813-6835
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W4281483943
- Cited by
- 466
- References
- 170
- FWCI
- 26.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
