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The Relevance of Phosphorus and Iron Chemistry to the Recovery of Phosphorus from Wastewater: A Review
Abstract
The addition of iron is a convenient way for removing phosphorus from wastewater, but this is often considered to limit phosphorus recovery. Struvite precipitation is currently used to recover phosphorus, and this approach has attracted much interest. However, it requires the use of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). EBPR is not yet widely applied and the recovery potential is low. Other phosphorus recovery methods, including sludge application to agricultural land or recovering phosphorus from sludge ash, also have limitations. Energy-producing wastewater treatment plants increasingly rely on phosphorus removal using iron, but the problem (as in current processes) is the subsequent recovery of phosphorus from the iron. In contrast, phosphorus is efficiently mobilized from iron by natural processes in sediments and soils. Iron-phosphorus chemistry is diverse, and many parameters influence the binding and release of phosphorus, including redox conditions, pH, presence of organic substances, and particle morphology. We suggest that the current poor understanding of iron and phosphorus chemistry in wastewater systems is preventing processes being developed to recover phosphorus from iron-phosphorus rich wastes like municipal wastewater sludge. Parameters that affect phosphorus recovery are reviewed here, and methods are suggested for manipulating iron-phosphorus chemistry in wastewater treatment processes to allow phosphorus to be recovered.
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Cited by
Wilfert, P., Dugulan, A. I., Goubitz, K., Korving, L., Witkamp, G. J., & Van Loosdrecht, M. C. M. (2018) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.020 · Cited by 285
Self-citationPotentials and challenges of phosphorus recovery as vivianite from wastewater: A review
Wu, Y., Luo, J., Zhang, Q., Aleem, M., Fang, F., Xue, Z., & Cao, J. (2019) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.138 · Cited by 266
Metadata
- Authors
- Wilfert, P., Kumar, P. S., Korving, L., Witkamp, G.-J., & van Loosdrecht, M. C. M.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2015-05-26
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 9400-9414
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2418536248
- Cited by
- 607
- References
- 135
- FWCI
- 36.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
