Antihypertensive Effects, Molecular Docking Study, and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Assay of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Chlorella vulgaris
Abstract
The aim of this work is to explore angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from Chlorella vulgaris ( C. vulgaris ) and discover the inhibitory mechanism of the peptides. After C. vulgaris proteins were gastrointestinal digested in silico, several ACE inhibitory peptides with C-terminal tryptophan were screened. Among them, two novel noncompetitive ACE inhibitors, Thr-Thr-Trp (TTW) and Val-His-Trp (VHW), exhibited the highest inhibitory activity indicated by IC 50 values 0.61 ± 0.12 and 0.91 ± 0.31 μM, respectively. Both the peptides were demonstrated stable against gastrointestinal digestion and ACE hydrolysis. The peptides were administrated to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) in the dose 5 mg/kg body weight, and VHW could decrease 50 mmHg systolic blood pressure of SHRs ( p < 0.05). Molecular docking displayed that both TTW and VHW formed six hydrogen bonds with active site pockets of ACE. Besides, isothermal titration calorimetry assay discovered that VHW could form more stable complex with ACE than TTW. Therefore, VHW was an excellent ACE inhibitor.
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Between 200,000 and 800,000 microalgal species exist globally, but only around 30,000 have been identified and studied to some extent, and only a small fraction have been evaluated for health-related potential.
“Although it is estimated that between 200,000 and 800,000 microalgal species exist globally, only around 30,000 have been identified and studied to some extent, with just a small fraction evaluated for their health-related potential [3,111].”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [111]
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“Although it is estimated that between 200,000 and 800,000 microalgal species exist globally, only around 30,000 have been identified and studied to some extent, with just a small fraction evaluated for their health-related potential [3,111].”
- Authors
- Xie, J., Chen, X., Wu, J., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhang, L., Tang, Y.-J., & Wei, D.
- Affiliations
- East China University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Shanghai Business School (CN)
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author
- Xie, Jingli
- Wei, Dongzhi
- Venue
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2018-02-01
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1359-1368
- ISSN
- 0021-8561 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5118
- OpenAlex
- W2783594362
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8
- FWCI
- 3.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2013AA102109)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31301413, 31772007)
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
- Keywords
- ACE inhibitors, Chlorella vulgaris, bioactive peptides, tryptophan-containing peptides, gastrointestinal digestion stability, spontaneously hypertensive rats, antihypertensive effect
- MeSH terms
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Animals, Antihypertensive Agents, Blood Pressure, Calorimetry, Humans, Hypertension, Kinetics, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Male, Peptides, Rats, Inbred SHR, Chlorella vulgaris, Rats, Molecular Docking Simulation
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