An Index-Based Approach to Assessing Recalcitrance and Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential of Engineered Black Carbons (Biochars)
Abstract
The ability of engineered black carbons (or biochars) to resist abiotic and, or biotic degradation (herein referred to as recalcitrance) is crucial to their successful deployment as a soil carbon sequestration strategy. A new recalcitrance index, the R(50), for assessing biochar quality for carbon sequestration is proposed. The R(50) is based on the relative thermal stability of a given biochar to that of graphite and was developed and evaluated with a variety of biochars (n = 59), and soot-like black carbons. Comparison of R(50), with biochar physicochemical properties and biochar-C mineralization revealed the existence of a quantifiable relationship between R(50) and biochar recalcitrance. As presented here, the R(50) is immediately applicable to pre-land application screening of biochars into Class A (R(50) ≥ 0.70), Class B (0.50 ≤ R(50) < 0.70) or Class C (R(50) < 0.50) recalcitrance/carbon sequestration classes. Class A and Class C biochars would have carbon sequestration potential comparable to soot/graphite and uncharred plant biomass, respectively, whereas Class B biochars would have intermediate carbon sequestration potential. We believe that the coupling of the R(50), to an index-based degradation, and an economic model could provide a suitable framework in which to comprehensively assess soil carbon sequestration in biochars.
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R50 increased from 0.52 (B600) to 0.57 (B800) and 0.58 (HTB800), placing all biochars within Class B (0.5 ≤ R50 < 0.7).
“From Figure 3C, R50 increased from 0.52 (B600) to 0.57 (B800) and 0.58 (HTB800), placing all biochars within Class B (0.5 ≤ R50 < 0.7) according to the analysis procedure fully compliant with [63].”
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- Authors
- Harvey, O. R., Kuo, L.-J., Zimmerman, A. R., Louchouarn, P., Amonette, J. E., & Herbert, B. E.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M University System (US)
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- Department of Marine Science, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77553, United States
- Texas A&M University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Harvey, Omar R.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2012-01-24
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1415-1421
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2095505314
- Cited by
- 429
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 31.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Keywords
- biochar, soil carbon sequestration, black carbon, thermal stability, soot, graphite, carbon sequestration potential
- MeSH terms
- Carbon, Charcoal, Models, Chemical, Soil, Temperature, Thermogravimetry, Models, Economic, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, Carbon Sequestration
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